{"id":9978,"date":"2020-10-21T15:31:12","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T12:31:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=9978"},"modified":"2020-11-08T09:32:54","modified_gmt":"2020-11-08T06:32:54","slug":"insan-sagligi-toprak-sagligina-baglidir-bulent-sik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/insan-sagligi-toprak-sagligina-baglidir-bulent-sik\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r \u2013 B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirilen ama kan\u0131mca topra\u011fa vurgu yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eksik olan \u201ctarladan \u00e7atala g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201ctopraktan \u00e7atala g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; temel mesele topra\u011f\u0131 korumakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar Proje Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Dr. B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k\u2019\u0131n, \u201c<\/em>\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 <\/em>bianet.org<\/a>\u2019da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme tehdidi alt\u0131nda. \u0130klim krizi bu tehdidi daha da b\u00fcy\u00fctecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her y\u0131l erozyon ile kaybetti\u011fimiz toprak miktar\u0131 168 milyon ton. B\u00fct\u00fcn bir Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda kaydedilen toprak kayb\u0131 ise 300 milyon ton. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her y\u0131l t\u00fcm Avrupa’da kaybedilen topra\u011f\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 kaybediliyor<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131mda pulluk vb. gibi toprak y\u00fczeyini a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ran mekanik aletler kullanmak, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kimyasal g\u00fcbre ve tar\u0131m zehri kullan\u0131m\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f sulama, ormans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma, kentle\u015fme, tar\u0131msal arazilerin yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 vb. gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli etkenler toprak kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n cans\u0131z bir madde olarak nitelenmesi do\u011fru de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toprak bakteriler, mantarlar, vir\u00fcsler, omurgas\u0131z canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri ve solucanlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere say\u0131s\u0131z canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcne ya\u015fam ortam\u0131 sa\u011flayan ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir ekosistemdir<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biyolojik t\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin olan bir toprakta yeti\u015ftirilen bitkilerin besin \u00f6\u011fesi i\u00e7erikleri y\u00fcksek ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 da daha iyi olur. Biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma kapasitesini artt\u0131r\u0131r, bitki k\u00f6klerinin daha derine i\u015flemesini sa\u011flar ve en nihayetinde de erozyonu bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle toprak kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak topraktaki biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi azaltan uygulamalar\u0131n uzun vadede \u00e7orakla\u015fma, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme gibi vahim sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla topraktaki biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek toprak kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pestisitler ve toprak kayb\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f sulaman\u0131n, topra\u011fa zarar veren mekanik aletlerin ya da kimyevi g\u00fcbrelerin topraktaki biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri oldu\u011fu s\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirilir. Bu yaz\u0131da daha az bilinen bir soruna, tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan pestisitlerin toprakta yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131na de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pestisitlerin topraktaki biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkileri \u00fczerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rma var ancak hem \u00fclkemizde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda kullan\u0131lan ve hem de son y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan bir pestisit olan glifosata odaklanarak bu sorunu dile getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glifosat muhtemel insan kanserojeni olarak niteleniyor. Glifosat kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar hakk\u0131nda bianet\u2019te \u00e7ok say\u0131da yaz\u0131 kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bu meselenin kapsam\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar geni\u015f oldu\u011funu merak eden okurlar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lar\u0131n linkleri tarih s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarladan \u00c7atala Glifosat Sorunu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ot \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc Glifosat Sorununda Bilinmesi Gerekenler<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekmekte Pestisit ve A\u011fart\u0131c\u0131 Madde Kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 Var m\u0131?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glifosat Sorunu ve Siyaseten Fel\u00e7 Olma Hali<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Glifosat Kullan\u0131m\u0131 27 Kat Artm\u0131\u015f Olabilir; Ya Kanser?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayer T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ift\u00e7isine de tazminat \u00f6deyecek mi?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhtemel kanserojen glifosat hakk\u0131nda neden bilgi verilmiyor?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir pestisit ya da benzeri bir ba\u015fka toksik kimyasal madde sadece insanlara de\u011fil do\u011fal hayattaki di\u011fer canl\u0131lara da olumsuz etkiler g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rne\u011fin pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6cek t\u00fcrlerinin<\/a> (\u00f6zellikle de ar\u0131lar\u0131n) ve ku\u015flar\u0131n<\/a> (\u00f6zellikle de ser\u00e7elerin) say\u0131s\u0131nda ciddi azalmalara neden oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ar\u0131lar, b\u00f6cekler ve ku\u015flar \u00e7ok a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla eksikliklerini ya da yokluklar\u0131n\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7abuk fark etti\u011fimiz canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri. Ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki, pestisitlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar\u0131 ele al\u0131rken varl\u0131klar\u0131na a\u015fina olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve eksikliklerini de kolayca fark edemedi\u011fimiz ama yokluklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun yaratan-yaratacak canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerine de odaklanmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bu konuda ilk bakaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerlerden biri ise toprak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 toprakta da biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Ancak bu kay\u0131p topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcretkenli\u011fi, verimlili\u011fi, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcne zemin olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve tar\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmas\u0131 ancak i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan say\u0131s\u0131z canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Toprak canl\u0131lar\u0131na zarar verildi\u011finde ve bu zarar uzun s\u00fcre devam etti\u011finde toprak zamanla b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretken g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Topra\u011f\u0131 ve canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit eden pestisitlerin yasaklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dayan\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131l: Change.org\/ZehirsizSofralar<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Glifosat\u0131n toprakta yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 zararlar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda glifosat kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n topraktaki mikoriza mantarlar\u0131na, asidobakterilere ve solucanlara zarar verdi\u011fi g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mikoriza mantarlar\u0131 bitkilerle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler kurar ve bitkinin k\u00f6k sistemini toprak i\u00e7inde uzatarak azot ve fosfor gibi besin maddelerinin bitki taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu mantarlar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesi bitkilerin geli\u015fimine zarar verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sel\u00fcloz bitki h\u00fccrelerinin ana yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri. Asidobakteriler sel\u00fclozu par\u00e7alayarak topraktaki organik maddenin olu\u015fumunda ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hayati bir rol oynarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n havalanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve suyun topra\u011f\u0131n derinlerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan solucanlar da glifosattan olumsuz etkilenen bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli canl\u0131 grubu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun s\u00fcre glifosat kullanman\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131n biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini azaltaca\u011f\u0131 ve zaman i\u00e7inde topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7orakla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glifosat kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sadece insanlar i\u00e7in muhtemel kanserojen bir madde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011fil, topra\u011fa verdi\u011fi zarar i\u00e7in de derhal yasaklanmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 besleyici nitelikleri y\u00fcksek g\u0131da \u00fcretmenin, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmenin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirilen ama kan\u0131mca topra\u011fa vurgu yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eksik olan \u201ctarladan \u00e7atala g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201ctopraktan \u00e7atala g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; temel mesele topra\u011f\u0131 korumakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z do\u011fal \u00e7evreye yap\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r; ondan ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Toprak, su, hava, canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri\u2026 ve insanlar birbiriyle ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedirler. Toprak zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde er veya ge\u00e7 insan da zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, bu sorunlar\u0131n bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc yok mu? Elbette var. Ekolojik ilkeleri dikkate alarak tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Agroekolojik tar\u0131m\u0131n daha \u00fcretken oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma var. \u00dclkemizde topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik olarak Konya Saray\u00f6n\u00fc il\u00e7esinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde y\u00fcksek bir verimlilik sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f \u00f6rnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/a> da vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir kamu politikas\u0131 olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak ciddi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirilen ama kan\u0131mca topra\u011fa vurgu yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in eksik olan \u201ctarladan \u00e7atala g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc \u201ctopraktan \u00e7atala g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u201d olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; temel mesele topra\u011f\u0131 korumakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Zehirsiz Sofralar Proje Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Dr. B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k\u2019\u0131n, \u201c\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,715,337],"tags":[592,177,199,244,458,540,701,328],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9978"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9978"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9990,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9978\/revisions\/9990"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}