{"id":9969,"date":"2020-10-21T13:16:15","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T10:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=9969"},"modified":"2022-04-12T14:36:39","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T11:36:39","slug":"hadi-tohum-toplayalim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/hadi-tohum-toplayalim\/","title":{"rendered":"Hadi tohum toplayal\u0131m!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sonbahar\u0131n olmazsa olmaz\u0131 gelecek sezon i\u00e7in tohumlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tohumlar\u0131 toplaman\u0131n da \u00fc\u00e7 basit y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r, bunlar\u0131 bilen herkes bu i\u015fi kolayl\u0131kla yapabilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131: Jale \u00c7am \u00c7etinta\u015f<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonbahar, mevsimlerin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, do\u011fada g\u00f6rkemli renk c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, bah\u00e7elerde bollu\u011fun h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hasat zaman\u0131d\u0131r. Yaz meyveleri co\u015fkuyla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini vermeye devam ederken k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bitkiler de c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015fe kat\u0131l\u0131r. Lakin \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in i\u015flerin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu ikinci bahard\u0131r ve bu mevsimin en \u00f6nemli i\u015fi, gelecek sezon i\u00e7in tohumlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tohumlar\u0131 toplaman\u0131n da \u00fc\u00e7 basit y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuru tohum toplama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumlar bitki \u00fczerinde kuruduktan sonra toplan\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra tohuma giden bitkilerin tohum ta\u015f\u0131yan dallar\u0131 kesilerek al\u0131n\u0131r, tohumlar sap ve samandan ayr\u0131lmak \u00fczere d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr ve son olarak da sap ve saman savrularak tohumdan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tah\u0131llar, marullar, lahanagiller, turpgiller, havu\u00e7lar, kereviz, ki\u015fni\u015f, maydanoz vs. bu \u015fekilde tohumlar\u0131 al\u0131nan bitkilerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baklagiller en kolay tohumu al\u0131nan bitkilerdir; tohumlar\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in tohum zarflar\u0131 dallar\u0131nda iyice kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, kuruyunca ay\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra saklan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Maydanoz, lavanta ve benzeri bitkilerden tohum almak i\u00e7inse \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7an bitkilerin tohum yapmas\u0131 beklenir. Tohumlar dallar\u0131nda iyice olgunla\u015f\u0131nca, hen\u00fcz kurumadan dallar\u0131yla kesilerek ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 gelecek \u015fekilde bir keseka\u011f\u0131d\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir. Dallarla birlikte a\u011fz\u0131 ba\u011flanan keseka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 havadar bir yere as\u0131l\u0131r. Dallar kuruduk\u00e7a keseka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00f6k\u00fclen tohumlar kolayca toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marul gibi t\u00fcyl\u00fc, u\u00e7ucu tohumlar\u0131 olan bitkilerin \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri bir kova i\u00e7erisinde silkelenip, bir g\u00fcn kadar kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sap ve saman\u0131ndan ayr\u0131larak saklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015f tohum toplama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kavun, karpuz, biber, patl\u0131can gibi bitkilerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Olgunla\u015fan sebze veya meyve kopar\u0131l\u0131p tohumlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7er \u00e7\u00f6p ve \u0131skartalar\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tohumlar\u0131n bir kap suya konmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Suyun \u00fczerinde kalanlar \u0131skartalar, dibe oturanlar ise dolu, iyi tohumlard\u0131r. Zamans\u0131z \u00e7imlenmemeleri i\u00e7in \u0131skartalar at\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kalan tohumlar\u0131n derhal kurutulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Sebze ve meyvenin dal\u0131ndan iyice olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek ve olgunla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra tohumu derhal meyveden ay\u0131rmak dikkat edilmesi gereken en \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Biberler olgunla\u015f\u0131nca dal\u0131nda renk de\u011fi\u015ftirir. \u0130yice olgunla\u015fan biberlerin tohumlar\u0131 sebzenin et k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeden veya kurumadan hemen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r; tohumlar biberin i\u00e7inde kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7imlenme oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015febilir. Patl\u0131can tohumlar\u0131, patl\u0131canlar dal\u0131nda parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedinceye kadar bekletildikten, hatta sebze \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye y\u00fcz tuttuktan sonra al\u0131n\u0131r. Karpuz, kavun gibi meyveler olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tohumlar\u0131 da olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f demektir, meyve t\u00fcketilirken \u00e7ekirdekleri de tohum olmak \u00fczere ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fermente ederek tohum toplama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Domates ve salatal\u0131k gibi sebzelere uygulan\u0131r; ya\u015f tohum toplama y\u00f6ntemine \u00e7ok benzer, ancak bu defa al\u0131nan tohumlar \u00fczerlerine biraz su ilave edilerek birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn fermente olmaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fermentasyon s\u00fcreci bu tohumlar\u0131 kaplayan, \u00e7imlenmeyi \u00f6nleyici jelimsi maddeyi eritir. Su i\u00e7indeki tohumlar dibe \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcp su \u00fczerinde ince, beyaz\u0131ms\u0131 bir k\u00fcf tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fur. Bundan sonra tohumlar\u0131 meyve eti kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve k\u00fctfen ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kaba biraz daha su ilave ederek iyice y\u0131kamak gerekir. K\u00f6t\u00fc tohumlar, k\u00fcf ve meyve etiyle birlikte su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan bu i\u015flem birka\u00e7 kez tekrarlan\u0131r. Daha sonra ince delikli bir s\u00fczge\u00e7le suyu s\u00fcz\u00fclen tohumlar yay\u0131larak bir \u00f6rt\u00fc, ka\u011f\u0131t veya en iyisi bir s\u00fczge\u00e7 teli \u00fczerinde havadar bir ortamda kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130yice olgunla\u015fan domatesler yere paralel olarak ortas\u0131ndan kesildi\u011finde t\u00fcm tohum g\u00f6zleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Bir \u00e7ay ka\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla kaba bo\u015falt\u0131lan \u00e7ekirdekler, \u00fczerine su ilave edildikten sonra bir iki g\u00fcn fermente olmaya \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye y\u00fcz tuttu\u011funda kopar\u0131l\u0131r; dikey olarak yar\u0131lan salatal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tohumlar\u0131 kolayca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve fermente edildikten sonra y\u0131kan\u0131p kurutulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geleneksel olarak, tohum almak i\u00e7in ilk meyvenin tercih edilmesi \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlenirse de, asl\u0131nda meyvenin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, irili\u011fi ve ait oldu\u011fu bitkinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da erkencili\u011fi kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla \u00e7e\u015fitten tohum al\u0131nacaksa tohumlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in her meyveden sonra ortam\u0131 temizlemek ve isim etiketlerini \u00f6nceden haz\u0131r etmek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nleyece\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaman\u0131 gelince tohumlar\u0131n \u00e7imlenebilmesi ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 saklanabilmesi i\u00e7in havadar ve g\u00f6lge bir ortamda kurutulmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Tohumlar g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 veya kurutma makinesi gibi y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131lara maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kuruyan tohumlar\u0131n serin ve asla nemlenmeyecekleri bir ortamda muhafaza edilmeleri gerekir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baklagiller gibi kolay b\u00f6ceklenen tohumlarda iyice kurutulmu\u015f tohumlar\u0131n naylon ve a\u011fz\u0131 kapal\u0131 po\u015fetlerde buzdolab\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde saklanmas\u0131 en iyi sonucu verir. So\u011fuk bir ortamdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u0131s\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015fan tohumlar nemlenmemeleri i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131nana kadar kapal\u0131 po\u015fetlerde b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda \u00f6nerilse de tohumlar\u0131 dondurucuya koymak risklidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7inde en ufak bir nem kalm\u0131\u015f tohum donunca bir daha \u00e7imlenmez. Tohumlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 veya sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 saklanmas\u0131yla \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in gelecek sezonun ilk haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur, art\u0131k g\u00f6n\u00fcl rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hasat yapmak ve biraz da sonbahar\u0131n keyfini \u00e7\u0131karma zaman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Atal\u0131k Tohumlar i\u00e7in Yeti\u015ftirici Rehberi”ni buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ekolojik Ya\u015fam Rehberi, Say\u0131 25, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapak foto\u011fraf\u0131:<\/strong> Lalehan Uysal <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer foto\u011fraflar: <\/strong>Jale \u00c7am \u00c7etinta\u015f <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sonbahar\u0131n olmazsa olmaz\u0131 gelecek sezon i\u00e7in tohumlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tohumlar\u0131 toplaman\u0131n da \u00fc\u00e7 basit y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r, bunlar\u0131 bilen herkes bu i\u015fi kolayl\u0131kla yapabilir. Yaz\u0131: Jale \u00c7am \u00c7etinta\u015f Sonbahar, mevsimlerin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, do\u011fada g\u00f6rkemli renk c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,108],"tags":[60,429,474,216],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9969"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9969"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285107,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9969\/revisions\/285107"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9993"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}