{"id":9490,"date":"2020-09-14T16:23:47","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T13:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=9490"},"modified":"2020-09-14T21:05:02","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T18:05:02","slug":"biyocesitlilik-kaybi-ve-gida-uretimi-iklim-kriziyle-ayni-seviyede-varolussal-bir-tehdit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/biyocesitlilik-kaybi-ve-gida-uretimi-iklim-kriziyle-ayni-seviyede-varolussal-bir-tehdit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim krizi kadar varolu\u015fsal bir tehdit: Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131 ve g\u0131da \u00fcretimi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mevcut tar\u0131msal uygulamalar ve yo\u011fun tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin k\u00fcresel olarak biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131cak noktalara yay\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geriye kalan biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini tehdit ediyor. Peki g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisi biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmak i\u00e7in ne yapabilir?<\/strong>
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\u00c7eviri<\/strong>: Sinem U\u011furda\u011f \u2013 Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130klim ile ili\u015fkili kayg\u0131lar ana ak\u0131m medyan\u0131n odak noktalar\u0131ndan biri haline geldi. D\u00fcnya, giderek daha s\u0131radan hale gelen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131, kurakl\u0131k ve sellerle y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015fken; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve net s\u0131f\u0131r gelece\u011fe do\u011fru hareket, hem politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar hem i\u015fletmeler hem de t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir hedef haline geldi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, \u00e7evre koruman\u0131n bir y\u00f6n\u00fc \u015fu anda di\u011ferlerinden daha az ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor: Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik.<\/strong>
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Alt\u0131nc\u0131 kitlesel yok olu\u015fun e\u015fi\u011findeyiz. \u0130nsan faaliyetleri, yabani hayvanlar\u0131n %83’\u00fcn\u00fcn ve t\u00fcm bitkilerin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik, insanl\u0131k tarihinin herhangi bir noktas\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 azal\u0131yor ve bu h\u0131z g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e art\u0131yor.
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2030’a kadar kentsel alanlar\u0131n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha fazla alan\u0131 kaplamas\u0131 ve bu geni\u015flemenin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Latin Amerika ve Asya\u2019daki \u00f6nemli biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik s\u0131cak noktalar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi bekleniyor.
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G\u0131da \u00fcretimi de \u00e7evresel problemlere etki eden \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Do\u011fal alanlar\u0131n, monok\u00fclt\u00fcrlere odaklanarak ve kimyasal tar\u0131m zehirlerine ve g\u00fcbrelere bel ba\u011flayan sanayile\u015fmi\u015f tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir etkiye sahip.
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\"\"
Zehirsiz Kampanya<\/strong><\/a>\u2018ya destek ol; biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe zarar veren, bizi zehirleyen pestisitler yasaklans\u0131n.<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Halihaz\u0131rda, gezegenimizin buzsuz toprak y\u00fczeyinin \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n g\u0131da \u00fcretimine ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Nitekim, son 300 y\u0131lda do\u011fal otlaklar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %50’si ve do\u011fal ormanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri g\u0131da \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u0131da sistemi, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 9,7 milyar insana varaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00fcretimi art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131ndan bu alanlar\u0131n da artmas\u0131 bekleniyor.
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Ancak, g\u0131da \u00fcretimi biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahipken, g\u0131da sisteminin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi de asl\u0131nda yine ona ba\u011fl\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle; sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ve korumak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan tar\u0131m biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131, tar\u0131msal sistemlerin patojenlere (hastal\u0131k mikroplar\u0131na), iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131yor. Tozlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kayb\u0131 ise, onlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olan tar\u0131msal hammaddelerin \u00fcretimini tehdit ediyor.
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UEBT (Etik Biyo-Ticaret Birli\u011fi) \u0130cra Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Rik Kutsch Lojenga, FoodNavigator’a verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda, “Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131, iklim krizi gibi varolu\u015fsal bir tehdittir. \u015eu anda ve gelecekte ekonomik \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, insanlar\u0131n bu krizlerin \u00fcstesinden gelip gelemeyece\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olacak.” diyerek, kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.
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Lojenga, \u201cBiyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131, d\u00fcnya genelinde ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131 bu \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe dayanan yerel ve yerli topluluklar \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilere sahiptir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm ya\u015fam\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.\u201d diye ekleyerek insan maliyetine de de\u011findi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fark\u0131ndal\u0131ktaki \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d<\/strong>
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Lojenga, end\u00fcstrilerin biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik konusundaki fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm” g\u00f6zlemledi: “Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kaynakl\u0131 hammaddelerin geli\u015fiminde eri\u015fim ve fayda payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik somut plan ve politikalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sayg\u0131 duyan etik kaynak bulma sistemleri konusunda ve \u015firketlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilece\u011fi somut biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik eylemlerine ili\u015fkin fark\u0131ndal\u0131kta bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu de\u011fi\u015fimin zorunluluktan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan Lojenga, a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: “Muhtemelen, gelecekte yaln\u0131zca yap\u0131lan yenilikler ve kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin do\u011fadan temin edilmesi ile biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin yeniden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ve art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilen i\u015fletmeler faaliyet g\u00f6sterecek.” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcketiciler g\u0131da sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de harekete ge\u00e7mesini bekliyor. UEBT 2018 t\u00fcketici anketine g\u00f6re, insanlar\u0131n %79’u, do\u011fal i\u00e7eriklerin temininde insanlar ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmalar\u0131 konusunda ‘\u015firketlerin ahlaki bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’ oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor. Ancak bu insanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca %37’si \u015firketlerin bu konulara ciddi bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nem verdi\u011fine g\u00fcveniyor. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UEBT standard\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi uygulamalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, bitki yeti\u015ftirme veya toplama faaliyetleri i\u00e7in ormanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, nesli t\u00fckenmekte olan t\u00fcrlerin korunmas\u0131 ve kimyasal tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili kat\u0131 kurallar gibi biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Program ayr\u0131ca \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u015feritleri, \u00e7itleri, tozlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 koruma projeleri, organik uygulamalar ve do\u011fal ekosistemlere yap\u0131lan di\u011fer katk\u0131lar gibi biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yeniden olu\u015fturan uygulamalar\u0131 da te\u015fvik ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lojenga, “UEBT her zaman, \u00fcyelerinin uygulamalar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kaynak bulma sistemleri ve taahh\u00fctleri olu\u015fturman\u0131n ve bir etki yaratmak i\u00e7in sahada aktif olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mesini ister. Bu, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde olabilir; tedarik zincirlerini entegre ederek veya tedarik zinciri ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 yoluyla tedarik zinciri d\u00fczeyinde bir etki veya sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilir.\u201d diyerek bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini detayland\u0131rd\u0131.
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Uzun vadeli ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim maliyetlerini yans\u0131tan adil fiyatlar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00fccretler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 veya sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri ve okullar gibi yerel altyap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 da bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.
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Lojenga,\u00a0 \u201cKozmetik, g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 sekt\u00f6rlerinden bir\u00e7ok \u015firket etik kaynak bulma sistemi sertifikasyonu konusunda bizimle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.\u201d diyerek, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi destekleme y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yolculuklar\u0131nda, UEBT\u2019nin ba\u015fka \u015firketlerle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na da dikkat \u00e7ekti.
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\u00c7eviri<\/strong>: Sinem U\u011furda\u011f \u2013 Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>FoodNavigator<\/a> \u2013<\/em> Biodiversity loss and food production: \u2018An existential threat on the same level as the climate crisis\u2019, Katy Askew<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mevcut tar\u0131msal uygulamalar ve yo\u011fun tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin k\u00fcresel olarak biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131cak noktalara yay\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geriye kalan biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini tehdit ediyor. Peki g\u0131da end\u00fcstrisi biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmak i\u00e7in ne yapabilir? \u00c7eviri: Sinem U\u011furda\u011f \u2013 Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9491,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280,18,41,30],"tags":[177,579,331,520,474],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9490"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9560,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9490\/revisions\/9560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}