{"id":8318,"date":"2020-06-30T15:47:12","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T12:47:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=8318"},"modified":"2020-06-30T15:49:11","modified_gmt":"2020-06-30T12:49:11","slug":"tarimda-ilac-tek-care-degil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/tarimda-ilac-tek-care-degil\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131mda \u2018ila\u00e7\u2019 tek \u00e7are de\u011fil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Milliyet yazar\u0131 Duygu Erdo\u011fan tar\u0131m zehiri yasaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011fa dostu alternatif y\u00f6ntemleri yazd\u0131. Zehirsiz Sofralar \u0130leti\u015fim ve Kampanya Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik’in de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131 serisi Milliyet Gazetesi<\/a>‘nde yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

‘\u0130la\u00e7s\u0131z’ \u00fcretim de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn diyen \u00e7ift\u00e7iler kendi y\u00f6ntemlerini geli\u015ftirerek, ya da eski y\u00f6ntemlerle topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ekiyor, bi\u00e7iyor; biyolojik m\u00fccadele yap\u0131yor; organik \u00fcretime \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Di\u011fer taraftan ise artan n\u00fcfus ve uygun fiyat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u2018end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u2019 kendini g\u00f6steriyor. Burada ise tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 kullanmadan yeterlilik olmayaca\u011f\u0131, bilin\u00e7li ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6neriliyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcndemimizde tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 var; bir k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u00fcnyada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ve yasaklar listesi geni\u015flemeye devam ediyor. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in ise \u00f6zellikle \u00fcreticiye do\u011fru zamanda, do\u011fru \u00fcr\u00fcne, do\u011fru dozda kullan\u0131m \u00f6neriliyor. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de ba\u015fta sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u2018ila\u00e7s\u0131z\u2019 \u00fcretim \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler var. Tamamen ila\u00e7tan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u2018sofralar\u2019 \u00f6nerisinde bulunan \u00fcreticiler, asl\u0131nda bu \u00fcretim y\u00f6nteminin \u00e7ift\u00e7inin girdi maliyetlerini azalt\u0131p, topra\u011f\u0131 besledi\u011fi i\u00e7in daha ucuz \u00fcr\u00fcne kadar gidece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Di\u011fer taraftan ise artan n\u00fcfus ve uygun fiyatl\u0131 g\u0131daya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u2018end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u2019 olmazsa olmaz diyenler var. Kimyasal yerine \u2018organik\u2019 y\u00f6ntemleri kullananlar ise kendi hikayelerini anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman ila\u00e7 devi Bayer\u2019in, \u2018Roundup\u2019 tar\u0131m ilac\u0131ndaki \u2018glifosat\u2019\u0131n kansere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan davalardan feragat edenlere 11 milyar dolar \u00f6deyecek olmas\u0131 haftan\u0131n g\u00fcndemini belirledi. Tar\u0131mda zirai ve biyolojik m\u00fccadele \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, kimyasal kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131, ka\u00e7ak tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma var.
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Organik pay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m Yazar\u0131 Ali Ekber Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u2018end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u2019 ve \u2018organik tar\u0131m\u2019 taraflar\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u2018verim, n\u00fcfusa g\u00f6re yeterlilik, fiyat\u2019 bazl\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma konular\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan ve reddeden ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u201cEnd\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m yapanlar, \u2018biz de isteriz ama bununla d\u00fcnyay\u0131 beslemek zor\u2019 derken, organik yapanlar da \u2018do\u011fru yap\u0131l\u0131rsa t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yeter\u2019 diyor. Ama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir temel sorun var ki, o da; kimyasallar\u0131n uzun vadede topra\u011f\u0131 ve toplumu sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. Organik \u00fcretimini pay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fczde 2\u2019ye ula\u015fmaz. Ancak art\u0131k bilin\u00e7lenen t\u00fcketici de ne yedi\u011fini daha \u00e7ok sorguluyor ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcne ula\u015fmak istiyor\u201d dedi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc azald\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehirde ya\u015fayan ancak \u00fcretime kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in k\u0131rsala gidenlerin \u2018yeni k\u00f6yl\u00fc\u2019 olarak organik tar\u0131ma daha \u00e7ok yatk\u0131n oldu\u011funu kaydeden Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, ticari olarak ise organik tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ise 1960\u2019lardan sonra yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u201cD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ki, bu tarihlerden \u00f6nce de yo\u011fun olarak tar\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Yani topra\u011f\u0131 kimyasal olmadan koruma y\u00f6ntemleri zaten vard\u0131. Do\u011fa da kendi dengesini buluyordu. Geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerdeki iki temel nokta ise, artan n\u00fcfus azalan i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ile iklim krizi. Mesela ot \u00e7apayla yolunurdu. Ama \u015fimdi ila\u00e7 kurutuyor. Gen\u00e7 i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc azald\u0131, maliyetler art\u0131yor. \u00c7ift\u00e7i daha kolay y\u00f6ntemlere y\u00f6neliyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018\u0130la\u00e7\u2019 yerine form\u00fcl haz\u0131r

<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 alternatif y\u00f6ntemlerde tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 yerine yararl\u0131 ba\u015fka uygulamalar ve biyolojik m\u00fccadele de tercih ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Domates i\u00e7in; elma sirkesi dolu kovalar bah\u00e7eye b\u0131rak\u0131larak, tuta, b\u00f6cek, sinek m\u00fccadelesi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebzede meyvede tuta ve zarar veren u\u00e7ucu b\u00f6ceklere kar\u015f\u0131 elma sirkesi ve \u2018g\u00fclleci bulamac\u0131\u2019 y\u00f6ntemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salk\u0131m g\u00fcvesine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011fda tuzaklar olu\u015fturularak, salk\u0131m g\u00fcvesi erke\u011finin di\u015fileri bulmas\u0131 engelleniyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akdeniz meyve sine\u011fi i\u00e7in meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na feromon tuzaklar\u0131 as\u0131l\u0131yor. Kirazlar korunuyor. Tuzaklar ziraat odalar\u0131ndan edinilebiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meyve sineklerine kar\u015f\u0131 yine elma sirkesi dolu pet \u015fi\u015felerin a\u011fa\u00e7lara as\u0131lmas\u0131yla da m\u00fccadele ediliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stenmeyen b\u00f6ceklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131rgan otunu suda bekleterek do\u011frudan meyve ve sebzelere p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da var. Nar a\u011fac\u0131nda etkisi y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elma i\u00e7 kurdu sezonunda, a\u011fa\u00e7lara as\u0131lan ve i\u00e7inde yararl\u0131 b\u00f6ceklerin oldu\u011fu kutular ile biyolojik m\u00fccadele sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yabani ot m\u00fccadelesinde ise otlar tohuma ka\u00e7madan \u00f6nce \u00e7apalay\u0131p, bi\u00e7erek do\u011fal y\u00f6ntem izleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Alternatifler kesinlikle var\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada y\u0131ll\u0131k 3 milyon tondan fazla pestisit kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilirken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu say\u0131 ise 2018\u2019e g\u00f6re 60 bin ton idi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki sorun, tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7siz ve \u2018gereksiz \u00e7ok\u2019 kullan\u0131m\u0131 olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen 185 etkin maddeyi yasaklad\u0131. Haziranda ise 16 madde daha yasakland\u0131. Bu\u011fday Ekolojik Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir araya gelen Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bu yasaklamalarda etkisine dikkat \u00e7eken Zehirsiz Sofralar \u0130leti\u015fim ve Kampanya Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik, pestisit (tar\u0131m ilac\u0131) kullanmayan alternatif y\u00f6ntemlere vurgu yap\u0131yor. Bunlar, \u201corganik tar\u0131m, onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m ve b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl y\u00f6netim, do\u011fal tar\u0131m, biyodinamik tar\u0131m\u201d olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Kaolin kili kullan\u0131yorum\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7anakkale\u2019de katk\u0131s\u0131z zeytin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in uzun y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131kan Do\u011fan \u00d6zy\u00f6r\u00fck, 15 y\u0131ld\u0131r organik tar\u0131m yap\u0131yor. \u2018\u0130lk ba\u015fta bir\u00e7ok \u015feyde \u00e7aresiz kal\u0131yorduk\u2019 diyen \u00d6zy\u00f6r\u00fck, \u015fimdi ise \u2018do\u011fay\u0131 ve canl\u0131y\u0131 zehirlemeden \u00fcretiyoruz\u2019 diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zy\u00f6r\u00fck, \u201cMesela organik ha\u015fere ila\u00e7lar\u0131 da var. Do\u011frudan canl\u0131y\u0131 zehirleyerek \u00f6ld\u00fcrmez, uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; hedefe y\u00f6nelir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 alanlar i\u00e7in organik \u00fcretim biraz zor. Bunun i\u00e7in odaklanmak ve t\u00fcm sistemi bu alanda kurmak laz\u0131m. Mesela bir de kaolin kili kullan\u0131yorum. Ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131klardan korur, a\u011fac\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta strese girmesini engeller, kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam ha\u015ferelerin \u00fcremesi i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli de\u011fildir. Fiyat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise; biri \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f kanola ya\u011f\u0131na zeytinya\u011f\u0131 aromas\u0131 koyup sat\u0131yor; en ba\u015f\u0131ndan zaten ila\u00e7l\u0131yken. Bir de bunu yap\u0131yor. Bu tarafta ise ger\u00e7ek zeytinya\u011f\u0131 var. Fiyat\u0131 t\u00fcketici buna g\u00f6re anlamal\u0131\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hollanda modeli: Kompost deste\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biyomes Organik Tar\u0131m Kurucusu Tayfun \u00c7itci, kendilerinin bir kar kayg\u0131s\u0131 olamadan, \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in bilin\u00e7lendirme a\u011f\u0131 kurdu\u011funu belirtiyor. \u00c7itci, \u201cOrganik tar\u0131m yapanlara alternatif \u00fcr\u00fcnler sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorum. Kimyasal dedi\u011finiz \u00fcr\u00fcnler, insan ve toprak i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Bundan kurtulmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bitkinin topraktan almas\u0131 gereken elementleri besin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 organik sistemlerle onlara sunabiliriz. Mesela \u2018kompost\u2019 yani tamamen hayvansal bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcyle. Mevcut d\u00f6nemde \u0130srail, ABD, BAE \u00fclkelerden organikler topluyor. Bu konunun \u00f6neminin fark\u0131ndalar ve harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015fler. Hollanda \u00fcretiminin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kompostla yapar. Biz de bu sistem i\u00e7in destek olabiliriz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakanl\u0131k organik tar\u0131m\u0131 destekliyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018organik tar\u0131m deste\u011fi\u2019 de sunuyor. Dekar ba\u015f\u0131na 4 kategoriye ayr\u0131lan bu destek, 100 ila 10 lira aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Organik tar\u0131m sertifikas\u0131 ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcre\u00e7leri i\u00e7in de destek var. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6demelerinin ise belirtilen takvime g\u00f6re, a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irilece\u011fi duyuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Duygu Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n \u2018Mezar kurutan ila\u00e7\u2019 sofray\u0131 zehirledi mi? ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ikinci sayfadan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz <\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u2018Mezar kurutan ila\u00e7\u2019 sofray\u0131 zehirledi mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman devi Bayer, \u2018Roundup\u2019 tar\u0131m ilac\u0131ndaki \u2018glifosat\u2019\u0131n kansere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131lan davalardan feragat edenlere 11 milyar dolar \u00f6deyecek. Karayolu \u00e7evresi, \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k alanlar ve hatta mezarl\u0131klarda yabani otlar\u0131 yok etti\u011fi bilinen ila\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u00e7ift\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r d\u00fcnyan\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu \u2018glifosat\u2019 etken maddeli tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131, Alman ila\u00e7 ve kimya devi Bayer\u2019in; hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda anla\u015fmaya gitmesiyle yeniden g\u00fcndemde…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davalar\u0131n nedeni ise, bu etken maddenin kansere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131 satanlar, yabani ottan kurtulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u2018glifosat\u2019 etken maddeli ila\u00e7lar\u0131n; t\u00fcm ye\u015fil bitkileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrme \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mezarl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesi, tren yollar\u0131, otopark alanlar\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131m b\u00f6lgelerindeki otlara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzmanlar ilac\u0131n, topra\u011f\u0131n ve toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risklerine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman Bayer\u2019den yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u2018Roundup\u2019 isimli ila\u00e7ta bulunan glifosat maddesinin kansere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla \u015firket hakk\u0131nda ABD\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan davalardan vazge\u00e7meleri i\u00e7in davac\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 75\u2019i ile anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Anla\u015fmalar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 10.9 milyar dolarl\u0131k \u00f6deme yap\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meyve, f\u0131nd\u0131k, m\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekili olmayan alanlardaki otlar\u0131 kurutmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bu ila\u00e7lar, ba\u011fda bah\u00e7ede ise yabani ottan kurtulmak i\u00e7in tercih ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle meyve bah\u00e7elerinde kenarlarda, bah\u00e7e merkezinde \u00e7\u0131kan yabani otun temizlenmesi; f\u0131nd\u0131k ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n ottan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; pamuk, kanola, m\u0131s\u0131r gibi ekim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesi i\u00e7in s\u0131k\u00e7a tercih edildi\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nden ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcreticisi, ilac\u0131n kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken, \u201cNormalde yabani otlara, dikenlilere kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken insanlar ot bi\u00e7mek zor oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in arazinin tamam\u0131na da bu ilac\u0131 vurabiliyor\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ekim alanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki otlar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in tercih edildi\u011fini vurgulayan T\u00fcrkiye Ziraat\u00e7\u0131lar Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Demirta\u015f, \u015funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018S\u0131k denetlenmeli\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130la\u00e7lama ile ekim ve hasat aras\u0131nda bir zaman olmal\u0131d\u0131r. En \u00f6nemlisi ise, denetim. Mesela T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce yasaklanan ila\u00e7lardan, \u2018depodakiler bitene kadar\u2019 uygulamas\u0131 nedeniyle hala kullan\u0131mda olanlar\u0131 var. Bu depolar nas\u0131l depolar? Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ancak \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir denetim gerekiyor. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tar\u0131msal e\u011fitime verdi\u011fimiz \u00f6nemi de art\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Organik madde\u2019yi art\u0131ral\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulusal Hububat Konseyi (UHK) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u2018Toprak Organik Madde Raporu\u2019, bitkisel \u00fcretimde verimi art\u0131racak bir program \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesinde toprakta \u2018can\u2019 demek olan organik maddenin \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fczde 2\u2019nin alt\u0131nda, hatta y\u00fczde 1 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda. Uzmanlar bunu artrmak i\u00e7in seferberlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muadilleri de var<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Roundup\u2019 ilac\u0131 piyasada en etkili ila\u00e7 olarak biliniyor ancak muadilleri de s\u0131k s\u0131k kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Fire, Akbash, Knock Out, Knockdown, Ranidap gibi yerli ila\u00e7lar; etken maddenin ithal gelmesiyle sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte neler oldu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayer, 14 Eyl\u00fcl 2016\u2019da tohum ve tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fcreticisi Amerikan Monsanto \u015firketini 66 milyar dolara sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu sat\u0131n alma \u00f6ncesinde 2012\u2019den bu yana \u2018kanser\u2019 iddialar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayer b\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tohum ve tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 \u00fcreticisi haline geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monsanto \u015firketi m\u0131s\u0131r, soya fasulyesi, pamuk, bu\u011fday ve \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f tohum \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019de \u00fcretilen soya\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131, m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 80\u2019den fazlas\u0131n\u0131n Monsanto\u2019nun GDO\u2019lu tohumlar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretildi\u011fi biliniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40 y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce piyasa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Roundup d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok bilinen yabani ot ilac\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayer, CEO\u2019su Werner Baumann, anla\u015fman\u0131n \u2018belirsizli\u011fi\u2019 sonland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davadaki hastal\u0131kta \u015firketin sorumlulu\u011fu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) glifosat\u0131n insanlarda muhtemel kanser yap\u0131c\u0131 etkileri oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Tarlada \u00fcr\u00fcn kalmaz\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edirne Ziraat Odas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Arabac\u0131, ilac\u0131 yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ye\u015fil olan t\u00fcm otu bitkiyi yok etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Arabac\u0131, \u201cBuralarda ba\u011fda bah\u00e7ede ekipman girmeyen alanlardaki otlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lan bir ila\u00e7. Ayr\u0131k otlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ekim alan\u0131 kenarlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131labiliyor. \u2018Mezarl\u0131k kurutan\u2019 ilac\u0131 derler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle mezar alanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kan otlar\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler bu alanlarda kullan\u0131r ama i\u00e7eri\u011fini bilmez. Sonu\u00e7ta ruhsatl\u0131 ila\u00e7lar. Ama tarla alan\u0131na kullansa en ba\u015fta zaten ortada \u00fcr\u00fcn kalmaz. O y\u00fczden kimi zaman hasat ard\u0131ndan kalan otlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131p bekleme s\u00fcresi ge\u00e7tikten sonra ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r\u201d diye konu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Ayn\u0131 makineye bile de\u011fdirmeyiz\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pamuk ekim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131ndaki otlar da benzer ila\u00e7larla yok ediliyor. Ancak t\u00fcm otlar\u0131 yok eden ilac\u0131n tarlaya sokulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7iler \u00f6zellikle bilin\u00e7lenmi\u015f durumda. \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019dan bir \u00fcretici ise, \u00e7ift\u00e7inin ila\u00e7 \u2018dozlar\u0131\u2019 konusunda uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini; ancak b\u00f6lgede yayg\u0131n bir kullan\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6nemli \u00fcretim merkezlerinden Kumluca\u2019da ise \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ilac\u0131 tarlan\u0131n kenar\u0131na bile yakla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor. Kumluca Ziraat Odas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hidayet K\u00f6kce, \u201cKarayolu kenar\u0131, fundal\u0131k alanlar\u0131, bah\u00e7ede a\u00e7\u0131k alanlar, \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131l\u0131k yerler gibi uygulama alanlar\u0131 var. Bizlerin \u00f6zellikle tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve meyveye sebzeye yakla\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ila\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm ye\u015fili \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130la\u00e7 makinesi olarak bile onu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z makineyi ba\u015fka bir \u015feye de\u011fdirmeyiz\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 etken madde yasakland\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde 16 pestisit etken maddesinin yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verdi. Bu\u011fday Ekolojik Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir araya gelen Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bu yasaklamalarda etkisine dikkat \u00e7eken Zehirsiz Sofralar \u0130leti\u015fim ve Kampanya Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik, \u201cGlifosat ya da di\u011fer pestisitler i\u00e7in \u2018tar\u0131m ilac\u0131\u2019 demek bile, onlar\u0131 masum g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130la\u00e7 de\u011fil, ne yaz\u0131k ki zehir bunlar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan pestisitlerden biri glifosat. Yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor, ama biz insanlar dahil pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131y\u0131 zehirliyor. Onlara mahkum de\u011filiz, tar\u0131m zehri kullanmadan da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi doyurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Biyolojik m\u00fccadele laz\u0131m\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m Yazar\u0131 Ali Ekber Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, habere ili\u015fkin sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131mdan \u00f6rnek verirken, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum. Bu haberin alt\u0131na gelen yorumlarda da \u00fcreticilerin bizzat \u00e7ok s\u0131k kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iletmi\u015fler. Bakanl\u0131k zararl\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 konusunda kararlar veriyor ama bir bak\u0131yoruz 2 – 3 y\u0131l daha kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fey varsa, bir damlas\u0131n\u0131 bile hemen bitirmek laz\u0131m. Glifosat i\u00e7in Avrupa\u2019da yasaklama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 var, ABD\u2019deki dava ise bunun bir kabullenme oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu ila\u00e7lardan kurtulman\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7aresi bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan da destek verilen biyolojik m\u00fccadele \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olur\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTar\u0131m zehirleriyle ilgili daha radikal kararlar almak zorunday\u0131z\u201d ifadesini kullanan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, \u201cDi\u011fer temel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ise \u2018bilin\u00e7li kullan\u0131m\u2019 olmal\u0131. \u00dcretici neyi ne i\u00e7in ve nas\u0131l kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilmeli. Sofraya gelene kadar topra\u011fa da \u00f6nemli zararlar veriliyor. Verim gelecek y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok azalabilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

125 B\u0130N K\u0130\u015e\u0130 PARA ALACAK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayer\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re Roundup\u2019la ilgili 125 bin civar\u0131nda dava a\u00e7an veya a\u00e7mayan dosya i\u00e7in anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek para ise 10.9 milyar dolar. Var\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Bayer 8.8 milyar dolar ila 9.6 milyar dolar aras\u0131 bir paray\u0131 hemen \u00f6demeye haz\u0131r. 1.25 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir para ise ilerideki ihtilaflar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Bayer\u2019in ayr\u0131ca su konusunda ve ba\u015fka bir ot ilac\u0131n\u0131 konu alan 1.22 milyar dolarl\u0131k ayr\u0131 iki uzla\u015fmaya daha vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milliyet’te yay\u0131mlanan haberlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131 buradan okuyabilirsiniz:<\/p>

Tar\u0131mda \u2018ila\u00e7\u2019 tek \u00e7are de\u011fil<\/a><\/p>

\u2018Mezar kurutan ila\u00e7\u2019 sofray\u0131 zehirledi mi? <\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Milliyet yazar\u0131 Duygu Erdo\u011fan tar\u0131m zehiri yasaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011fa dostu alternatif y\u00f6ntemleri yazd\u0131. Zehirsiz Sofralar \u0130leti\u015fim ve Kampanya Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik’in de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131 serisi Milliyet Gazetesi‘nde yay\u0131mland\u0131. ‘\u0130la\u00e7s\u0131z’ \u00fcretim de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn diyen \u00e7ift\u00e7iler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[337],"tags":[626,625,101,211,328],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8318"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8318"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8342,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8318\/revisions\/8342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8325"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}