{"id":8049,"date":"2020-06-15T01:08:04","date_gmt":"2020-06-14T22:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=8049"},"modified":"2020-07-14T06:46:53","modified_gmt":"2020-07-14T03:46:53","slug":"son-buzul-erimeden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/son-buzul-erimeden\/","title":{"rendered":"Son Buzul Erimeden"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi’nden \u00d6zlem G\u00fcrtunca<\/strong>, Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz’\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sorununu t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla ele alarak, bir haber ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tam i\u00e7ine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Son Buzul Erimeden – \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda Merak Etti\u011finiz Her \u015eey” kitab\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131: <\/strong>\u00d6zlem G\u00fcrtunca (Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Son 800 bin senedir 300 ppm (parts-per million-milyonda par\u00e7a) \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmayan atmosferdeki karbondioksit oran\u0131 bug\u00fcn 410 ppm ve milyonlarca y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gereken 130 ppm de\u011ferindeki art\u0131\u015f, sadece Sanayi Devrimi’nden bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f durumda. Mutsuz sonlu bu hikaye karbondioksit sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebebi olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yer alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan buharl\u0131 pompalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ile ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ki hikayedeki ana karakterin en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri k\u00f6m\u00fcr oldu\u011funu ben de kitab\u0131 okurken \u015fa\u015f\u0131rarak hat\u0131rlad\u0131m. Ne yaz\u0131k ki ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonu belli de\u011filmi\u015f ve olan olmu\u015f. Bug\u00fcn iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunda, durumun ciddiyetinin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu bu b\u00fclteni ve bu yaz\u0131y\u0131 okuyan hemen herkes zaten s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordur. Fakat “Son Buzul Erimeden” kitab\u0131n\u0131 okudu\u011fumuzda bunu, kitapta anlat\u0131lan bilimsel bilgiler ve say\u0131sal verilerden ziyade, d\u00fcnya iklimini ve de\u011fi\u015fimini olu\u015fturan \u015feyleri ve onlar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015f prensiplerini \u00f6\u011frenerek biliyor oluyoruz. Kitab\u0131n arka kapa\u011f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz y\u0131llard\u0131r konu\u015fulan bu konu hakk\u0131ndaki bildi\u011fimizi sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ger\u00e7ekleri hayk\u0131r\u0131yor ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7al\u0131nan bir haber ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kararak hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tam i\u00e7ine ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bizi, bildi\u011fimizi sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyleri ger\u00e7ekten biliyor hale getiriyor. Kuzey Buz Denizi’ndeki kal\u0131c\u0131 buzlar\u0131n, her on y\u0131lda bir T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin alan\u0131 kadar eridi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi gibi, \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bilgileri oldu\u011fu gibi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve c\u00fcmlelerin \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131ndan ileri geliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Peki kitab\u0131 okudu\u011fumuzda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ilgili neleri, nas\u0131l biliyor oluyoruz? \u00c7ok k\u0131saca \u00f6zetleyecek olursak, kitap \u00f6nce d\u00fcnya iklimini ve iklimin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, ard\u0131ndan bu de\u011fi\u015fimin bizi nas\u0131l etkileyece\u011fini, sonra da iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunda neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini anlat\u0131yor. Daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 anlatacak olursak, Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz \u00f6ncelikle iklimin ne oldu\u011funu ve d\u00fcnya ikliminin nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu anlatarak i\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, okyanus ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 denilen gazlar ve onlar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l tuttu\u011fu, atmosferdeki su buhar\u0131 ve buzullar\u0131n erimesi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran geri beslemeler herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi kadar basit ama yeterli anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Kurnaz, \u00e7o\u011fu yerde meselenin bu kadar basit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisi de s\u00f6ylemi\u015f fakat genel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibinin anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 da ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran geri beslemelerden birini bu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yazay\u0131m: S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla, buzullar eridik\u00e7e, y\u00fczeyde buz yerine deniz suyu daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar ve beyaz yerine lacivert y\u00fczeyin artmas\u0131yla su daha kolay \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r, b\u00f6ylelikle buzullar\u0131n erimesi de kolayla\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun gibi art\u0131k biliyor oldu\u011fum bir s\u00fcr\u00fc bilgiyi buraya yazmak istiyorum ancak kendimi tutay\u0131m, siz de kalan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kitab\u0131 okuyarak \u00f6\u011frenin. Kitab\u0131 okudu\u011fumuz zaman iklimin neden de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, \u201ciklimin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fine emin miyiz?\u201d<\/em>, \u201ciklimin bizim y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fczden de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fine emin miyiz?\u201d, \u201cbu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yak\u0131n gelecekte insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc etkileyece\u011fine emin miyiz?\u201d<\/em> sorular\u0131n\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz neden evet oldu\u011funu, bu eveti kitaptan ya da ba\u015fka herhangi birinden duymam\u0131za gerek olmadan bizim de s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fimiz kadar bilgilenerek \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca kitapta, belirli aral\u0131klarla iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunda yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar incelenerek haz\u0131rlanan IPCC (H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) raporlar\u0131 gibi iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ilgili bilgilerin takip edilebilece\u011fi bilimsel referanslar da verilmi\u015f. \u0130klim modellemeleri ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda neler getirilece\u011fi hesaplamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki en iyi ve en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryo olarak kitapta bahsi \u00e7ok\u00e7a ge\u00e7en bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcler de kitab\u0131n \u00f6nemli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri. En k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryo veya daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc olursa d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelecekteki durumunun nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 da anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Arktik deniz buzunun erimesi, Amazon Ormanlar\u0131’n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131, Atlantik ak\u0131nt\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi gibi geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmez sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilecek devrilme noktalar\u0131 s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 neler yapabilece\u011fimiz ile ilgili k\u0131s\u0131m. \u0130klim ve de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunu \u00f6\u011frenmemize yarayan bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusundaki kilit k\u0131s\u0131m oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 10 y\u0131lda insanl\u0131k az \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fim bilimsel hesaplamalara dayanan en k\u00f6t\u00fc sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131 senaryosundan bile daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir yol izlemi\u015f. Tam olarak bunun bize g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konusunda gelecekte ne olaca\u011f\u0131na dair tahminlerin bilime de\u011fil, politikaya, ekonomiye ve insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri kitab\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini durdurmak i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden bahsedilirken, asl\u0131nda neler yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Devletlerin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini durdurmak ad\u0131na nas\u0131l tutumlar sergiledikleri, anla\u015fmalar, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler ve uygulamalar ile t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebeplerle bu uygulamalar\u0131n neden aksad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konmu\u015f. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin bu denli h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebebinin k\u00f6m\u00fcr, do\u011fal gaz ve petrol yak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, bunlar\u0131 enerji ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in bu kadar fazla yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, rakamlar ve y\u00fczdelerle anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bireysel olarak yapabileceklerimize de de\u011finilmi\u015f ve okudu\u011fumuzda, asl\u0131nda bireysel olarak yapacaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de do\u011fru bilgilere sahip olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Karbondioksit sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in benzin ya da k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcr\u00fcnler yerine elektrik ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tercih etsek bile \u00e7ok bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fclkemizde elektri\u011fin %67\u2019si k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011fal gazdan elde ediliyor. Kapal\u0131 televizyonu fi\u015ften \u00e7ekmek gibi naif tasarruflar\u0131 yaparak vicdan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 rahatlatman\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini durdurma konusunda pek bir etkisi de yok. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, kitapta sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en fazla nelerden meydana geldi\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131rken enerji ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131zdan, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131ktan, \u015fehirlerden, tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan, end\u00fcstriden, ekonomiden bahsediliyor ki bu da bize iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin bu benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sebebinin asl\u0131nda ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f \u015feklimiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Ve Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz, bireysel olarak sorumluluklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve yapabileceklerimizi anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mda, kapal\u0131 televizyonu fi\u015ften \u00e7ekerek iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini \u00f6nleyemeyecek olmam\u0131z ile, devletin ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck birimlerin inisiyatifinde oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015feyleri ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za y\u00f6nelik tercihlerimizle de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek olmam\u0131z aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 o kadar g\u00fczel ortaya koymu\u015f ki, karamsarl\u0131k, umut, sorumluluk, vicdan rahatlatma gibi \u00e7evreye etki eden g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirlerken devreye giren karma\u015f\u0131k duygulara yer b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekolojik sorunlar konu edilirken \u00e7evreye verilen tahribattan kaynakl\u0131 karamsar tablolar \u00e7izilip, harekete ge\u00e7ebilmemiz i\u00e7in de umutlu olmam\u0131z beklenebiliyor. Kurnaz ise, her \u015feyi \u00f6yle net anlat\u0131yor ki, bir \u015feyler yapma karar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 umutlu veya karamsar olmaya b\u0131rakm\u0131yor. Durum bu, b\u00f6yle giderse olacak olan bu, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bu diyor. Bize ise \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze serilen bu net tabloya arkam\u0131z\u0131 d\u00f6nmedi\u011fimiz s\u00fcrece, ya\u015fam al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek ve daha az hareket etmek kal\u0131yor.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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*Son Buzul Erimeden – \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda Merak Etti\u011finiz Her \u015eey, Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz, Do\u011fan Kitap, Eyl\u00fcl 2019, 480 sayfa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131: <\/strong>\u00d6zlem G\u00fcrtunca (Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi’nden \u00d6zlem G\u00fcrtunca, Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz’\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sorununu t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla ele alarak, bir haber ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tam i\u00e7ine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Son Buzul Erimeden – \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda Merak Etti\u011finiz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,241,182],"tags":[380,611,610],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8049"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8049"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8561,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8049\/revisions\/8561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}