{"id":7246,"date":"2020-05-14T05:09:35","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T02:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=7246"},"modified":"2020-05-21T18:08:31","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T15:08:31","slug":"covid-19-ve-gidanin-gelecegi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/covid-19-ve-gidanin-gelecegi\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 ve g\u0131dan\u0131n gelece\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ucuz yiyeceklerin y\u00fcksek maliyetli oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na varman\u0131n zaman\u0131 geldi. Yerel ve mevsimlik g\u0131dalar\u0131 \u00e7iftlikten \u00e7atala ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in yerel tedarik zincirini olu\u015fturmak ve desteklemek bu vir\u00fcsten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz en \u00f6nemli \u015fey olacak.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri<\/strong>: Sinem U\u011furda\u011f \u2013 Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi
<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nceden sadece \u201cyerel g\u0131da\u201d vard\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nce g\u0131dan\u0131n paketlenmesi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kimyasallar nedeniyle \u201ckorunarak\u201d ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi bir g\u0131da krizi durumu yoktu. Maliyetin ve besin de\u011ferinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla g\u0131dalar\u0131n h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc yolculu\u011fu ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Ancak Covid-19\u2019un da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, g\u0131daya ula\u015f\u0131mda bu kadar komplike bir sistem yerine, bulundu\u011fu topra\u011f\u0131n mahsullerine d\u00f6n\u00fclen bir g\u0131da sistemi \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Gelecekte g\u0131da ile ilgili trendler neler olabilir sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da irdeledik. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131da milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi art\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yerel pazarda \u00fcr\u00fcn tedari\u011fine y\u00f6nelik endi\u015feler ve bir ton pirin\u00e7 fiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak 1,000 dolara kadar y\u00fckselmesi nedeniyle pirin\u00e7 \u00fcreten \u00fclkelerin ihracat\u0131 durdurmalar\u0131, y\u0131llar \u00f6nceki ekonomik krizin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte tekrarlanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanabilir. This Week in Asia<\/a>‘n\u0131n haberine g\u00f6re, Vietnam ihracat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 uyguluyor. “K\u00fcresel pirin\u00e7 ticaretinin %10’undan sorumlu olan \u00fclke; b\u00f6lgesindeki t\u00fcm pirin\u00e7 ticaretinin %6’s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan kritik bir pazar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in burada ya\u015fanabilecek uzun d\u00f6nemli bir aksama, karbonhidrat\u0131n temel besin kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak t\u00fcketildi\u011fi Asya’n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu sarsabilir.” D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bu\u011fday ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Rusya ise geri \u00e7ekildi. Avrupa’daki bu\u011fday fiyatlar\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesinin yetersizli\u011fi nedeniyle \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los Angeles Times<\/a>‘a g\u00f6re, “Kaliforniya’n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 milyar dolar de\u011ferindeki tar\u0131m end\u00fcstrisi, geni\u015fleyen koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 ile \u00fclkenin taze \u00fcr\u00fcn arz\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilecek olas\u0131 bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in destek sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kalifornia’daki g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler\/Brent Stirton<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tedarik zinciri sorunlar\u0131 “feci bir durum” yarat\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Susie Cagle, Guardian’da arz ve talep uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle taze g\u0131dalar\u0131n normalin alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fclmekte oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131. Restoranlar ve yiyecek servisi end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in yeti\u015ftirilen g\u0131dalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu pazar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti ve a\u015fevleri gibi insanlar\u0131n g\u0131dalara eri\u015febildi\u011fi alternatifler ortadan kalkt\u0131. Houston Food Bank CEO’su Brian Greene: “Do\u011frusu, arz ve talebi kar\u015f\u0131lamak ad\u0131na zaman i\u00e7inde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f d\u00fczenlemeler g\u0131da zincirinin normal bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ama sonra, aniden bozulan t\u00fcm her \u015feyi g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc ba\u011flar ile \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir zaman diliminde bir araya getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z” diyerek, tedarik zincirinin \u00e7\u00f6kmeye y\u00fcz tuttu\u011funu payla\u015ft\u0131.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131dam\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l temin etti\u011fimizi yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin zaman\u0131 geldi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On y\u0131l \u00f6nce, fosil yak\u0131tlardan vazge\u00e7me ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131<\/a> tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, uluslararas\u0131 g\u0131da sisteminin; ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k (kamyoncular\u0131n hasta olmas\u0131 ve du\u015f alamamas\u0131 gibi), suni g\u00fcbre (do\u011fal gazdan yap\u0131lan) ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m problemi ile birlikte mevsimsel bir problemi oldu\u011funu belirledik. Bu sadece g\u0131dam\u0131z\u0131 yerel olarak yeti\u015ftirmek ve \u00e7ift\u00e7i pazar\u0131ndan sat\u0131n almakla ilgili de\u011fil. G\u0131da sistemimizi ger\u00e7ekten de\u011fi\u015ftirerek fosil yak\u0131t t\u00fcketmemek i\u00e7in \u015fehirlerimizin nas\u0131l tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131na, at\u0131k sistemimizin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin nas\u0131l kuruldu\u011funa ve mevsim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tedarik\u00e7imiz haline gelen bu geli\u015fen d\u00fcnyada neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za bakmal\u0131y\u0131z. Sadece yerel ve mevsimlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sat\u0131n alma karar\u0131n\u0131 vermek bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere’deki S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir G\u0131da Vakf\u0131 i\u00e7in yazan Patrick Holden, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n “Zafer i\u00e7in Kaz” kampanyas\u0131na dahil olup, kendi sebzelerini yeti\u015ftirerek krize tepki verdi\u011fini belirtiyor. Ama \u015fimdi i\u015fler farkl\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0130ngiliz K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

“O zaman ve \u015fimdi aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fark, 1940’larda hala \u0130ngiltere’nin \u00e7e\u015fitli kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k aile \u00e7iftlikleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mand\u0131ralar\u0131, ambarlar, i\u015flem \u00fcniteleri, mezbahalar, kasaplar ve perakende sat\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131nda \u00fcretimi i\u00e7eren kapsaml\u0131 bir yerel g\u0131da tedarik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu altyap\u0131, ham maddelerin yerel halka g\u00fcvenli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yol sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da, esnek bir g\u0131da sisteminin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 eksiksiz bir tan\u0131mlamas\u0131d\u0131r ancak son elli y\u0131lda bunlar\u0131n neredeyse hepsi ortadan kaybolmu\u015ftur. Yerine ise, genellikle raflarda stoklanan ana mam\u00fcllerin her birinin, giderek azalan say\u0131daki \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ve tek tip tar\u0131m yapan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilece\u011fi son derece merkezi bir ham madde tabanl\u0131 s\u00fcpermarket tedarik sistemi getirilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tesislerde i\u015flenmi\u015f ve paketlenmi\u015f olarak \u00fcretilen bu g\u0131dalar, ‘tam zaman\u0131nda’ da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemindeki merkezi depolar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ma\u011fazalara nakledilmektedir.”
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn buraday\u0131z ve gelire oranla g\u0131da hi\u00e7 bu kadar ucuz olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve yerel \u00e7ift\u00e7i pazar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen herkes, yerel ve taze g\u0131dalar i\u00e7in \u00f6denecek bir bedel oldu\u011funu bilir. Fakat bu bedeli, sa\u011flam, g\u00fcvenilir ve g\u00fcvenli bir g\u0131da kayna\u011f\u0131na eri\u015fmek istiyorsak \u00f6dememiz gerekebilir. Holden \u015fu sonuca var\u0131yor: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKilit nokta \u015fudur: d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki vatanda\u015flar\u0131n gelecekteki sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve refah\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131yaslanamayacak bir tehdidin oldu\u011fu bir zamanda; bu olas\u0131 felaketi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, mevsimine uygun ve yerel g\u0131dalar\u0131n \u00fcretimi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7in r\u00f6nesans olarak belirtilen bir f\u0131rsata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeliyiz. Bu, g\u0131da sistemlerimizi s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flayarak diren\u00e7li ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirme zaman\u0131d\u0131r. \u201d
<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131llard\u0131r, yerel g\u0131dalara kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck ele\u015ftiri mevsimsellikti. Freakonomics ele\u015ftirmenine g\u00f6re<\/a>: \u201cKelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, locavorizm, iklim kontroll\u00fc seralar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, meyve ve sebze yeti\u015ftiremeyen iklimlerde ya\u015fayan milyonlarca Amerikal\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131l\u0131n birka\u00e7 ay\u0131 taze \u00fcr\u00fcnlere eri\u015fimi engelleyecektir. Sera \u00fcretiminin enerji yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ve \u00e7evresel hedeflere ula\u015fmay\u0131 geciktirecektir. Taze \u00fcr\u00fcnlere eri\u015fimi engellemek ise sa\u011fl\u0131k hedeflerini engelleyecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katherine Martinko g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yerel g\u0131da sisteminin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/a> anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Martinko, bu sistemin yerel g\u0131dalar\u0131 yeteri kadar destekleyemeyece\u011fini belirtti: “G\u0131dalar\u0131 \u00e7iftlikten \u00e7atala ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in i\u015fleme, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve pazarlama altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir tedarik zincirine sahip de\u011filiz.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi her \u00fclkenin kendisi i\u00e7in g\u0131da korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir \u00e7a\u011fa giriyoruz. \u00dclkelerin bu\u011fday, pirin\u00e7 ve hatta bitkisel ya\u011flar stoklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. DW<\/a>, “\u00dclkeler, vir\u00fcs krizi derinle\u015ftik\u00e7e halklar\u0131na erzak sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u0131da maddeleri biriktiriyorlar.” diyor.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belki de ucuz yiyeceklerin y\u00fcksek maliyetli oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na varman\u0131n zaman\u0131 geldi. Ekonomik b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin de ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu; zor bir durum s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131za, yerel halk\u0131m\u0131za ve arka bah\u00e7elerimize bakmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini kabul etmeliyiz. Yerel ve mevsimlik g\u0131dalar\u0131 \u00e7iftlikten \u00e7atala ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in yerel tedarik zincirini olu\u015fturmak ve desteklemek bu vir\u00fcsten en \u00f6nemli \u00f6\u011frenimimiz olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviri<\/em><\/strong>: Sinem U\u011furda\u011f \u2013 Bu\u011fday G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/em><\/strong> TreeHugger – <\/em>The coronavirus and the future of food<\/em> <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ucuz yiyeceklerin y\u00fcksek maliyetli oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na varman\u0131n zaman\u0131 geldi. Yerel ve mevsimlik g\u0131dalar\u0131 \u00e7iftlikten \u00e7atala ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in yerel tedarik zincirini olu\u015fturmak ve desteklemek bu vir\u00fcsten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz en \u00f6nemli \u015fey olacak. \u00c7eviri: Sinem U\u011furda\u011f \u2013 Bu\u011fday…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,41],"tags":[586,585],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7246"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7246"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7734,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7246\/revisions\/7734"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}