{"id":6872,"date":"2020-04-11T18:30:06","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T15:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=6872"},"modified":"2020-05-19T16:05:50","modified_gmt":"2020-05-19T13:05:50","slug":"pestisitler-en-cok-ciftcilere-ve-tarim-iscilerine-zarar-veriyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/pestisitler-en-cok-ciftcilere-ve-tarim-iscilerine-zarar-veriyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Pestisitler en \u00e7ok \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere ve tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerine zarar veriyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G\u0131da M\u00fchendisi Dr. B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k ile Bu\u011fday Ekolojik Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi’ni ve tar\u0131m zehirlerinin zararlar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk.<\/strong><\/em>
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\u00c7ok de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00fcnler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zamanlarday\u0131z ama hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tam orta yerinde duran pestisitlerin insan hayat\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerindeki etkilerini hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ink\u00e2r edemeyiz… Pestisit i\u00e7in ila\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131yoruz. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ift\u00e7i tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 diyor ama asl\u0131nda ila\u00e7 de\u011fil.<\/strong>
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B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k:<\/strong> Pestisitleri tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 veya tar\u0131msal ila\u00e7 diye nitelemek yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ve kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir \u015fey ama bu do\u011fru bir niteleme de\u011fil. Nihayetinde ila\u00e7, \u015fifa veren bir \u015fey ama tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, ila\u00e7 diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu zehirli ve kimyasal maddeler asl\u0131nda hem insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na hem de do\u011fal hayattaki \u00e7e\u015fitli canl\u0131lara zararlar\u0131 olan ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcksek derecede zehirli olan kimyasal maddelerdir. Bu nedenle ya \u201cpestisit\u201d diyerek d\u00fcnya literat\u00fcr\u00fcndeki yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 almak ya da \u201ctar\u0131m zehiri\u201d demek daha do\u011fru bir ifade olur.
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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili bir rakam var m\u0131 elimizde? Tar\u0131m\u0131n y\u00fczde ka\u00e7\u0131nda pestisit kullan\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/strong>
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B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k:<\/strong> Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131n. D\u00fcnya genelinde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenirken birim alana at\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131, birim alana at\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131na ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerle k\u0131yaslayarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, bu konudaki tespitler yar\u0131m kg ile iki kg aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zg\u00fcl bir durum var. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131, Antalya, Adana, Mersin, Manisa ve Ayd\u0131n gibi belli illerde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pestisitlerin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 %40 gibi bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu be\u015f ilde kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu kentlerde birim alana kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n son derece y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili verileri 2014\u2019ten bu yana a\u00e7\u0131k etmiyor. Eskiden hangi ilde ne kadar pestisit kullan\u0131l\u0131yor bilgisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hangi pestisitlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine de eri\u015filebiliyordu. Ama ne yaz\u0131k ki be\u015f alt\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r bu bilgiden mahrum durumday\u0131z. 
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“T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pestisit ger\u00e7e\u011fi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberi buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pestisit dedi\u011fimizde akl\u0131m\u0131za farkl\u0131 kimyasal niteliklere sahip y\u00fczlerce \u00e7e\u015fit kimyasal madde gelmeli. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 340 civar\u0131nda pestisit kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunlar\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131 kimyasal yap\u0131lara ve toksik etkilere sahip kimyasal maddeler gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Bundan 10 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 450 civar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 pestisit kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00c7ok tehlikeli olanlar\u0131, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde yasakland\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye de bu yasak karar\u0131na uydu. Yine de kullan\u0131mda olan bu 340 pestisitin en az 1\/3\u2019lik bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek derecede zehirli oldu\u011funu ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve do\u011fal hayat i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekiyor.
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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131 60.000 ton civar\u0131nda ama 340 pestisitten hangileri, hangi ilde ve ne miktarda kullan\u0131l\u0131yor bilgisi art\u0131k eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil. \u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00fcnya genelinde glifosat isimli (daha \u00e7ok \u2018herbisit\u2019 diye nitelenen) otlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren bir pestisit hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir tart\u0131\u015fma var. ABD\u2019de kanserojen oldu\u011funa yani kansere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 akademik yay\u0131nlar\u0131n neticesinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davalar var. O davalarda, \u00fcretici firma Bayer-Monsanto ciddi tazminatlar \u00f6d\u00fcyor. Glifosat, 2015\u2019te D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Ajans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u2018muhtemelen kanserojen\u2019 yani kansere neden olabilen kimyasal madde olarak nitelendirilmi\u015ftir. O zamandan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden yo\u011fun bir tart\u0131\u015fma var. AB\u2019de de yasaklans\u0131n\/yasaklanmas\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde ancak hen\u00fcz AB bu konuda bir yasak getirmedi. Avusturya ise, AB \u00fcyesi bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Temmuz ay\u0131nda, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde glifosat kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.
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Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 zehirleyen ila\u00e7 \u015firketlerine y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 <\/strong>buradan<\/strong><\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ithal etti\u011fi glifosat miktar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funa dair, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara g\u00f6re kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131 baz alarak baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapt\u0131m. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131mda glifosat kullan\u0131m\u0131 2001-2002 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 300 ton civar\u0131nda iken, tahminimce bu rakam 12.000 ton miktar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bu muazzam bir art\u0131\u015f. Bu etken maddenin kanserojen olma ihtimalinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edemeyiz. \u2018Non-Hodgkin lenfoma\u2019 gibi birtak\u0131m hastal\u0131klarla ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7ok say\u0131da akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma var. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek bu zehirli maddenin ithalat\u0131n\u0131n ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclke genelinde her y\u0131l ciddi oranlarda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz laz\u0131m. Glifosat ile ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar asl\u0131nda meclise kadar yans\u0131d\u0131. Son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde mecliste T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de glifosat kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu ve kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda benim bildi\u011fim en az be\u015f tane soru \u00f6nergesi var. Ama bunlara yan\u0131t dahi gelmedi\u011fini belirtme gere\u011fi duyuyorum. Biz, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kanserojen olma ihtimali y\u00fcksek olan bir kimyasal maddenin tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde hangi illerde ne kadar kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisinden mahrumuz. 
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Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi’nin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Zehirsiz Sofralar projesi kapsam\u0131nda, glifosat d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer pestisitlerle ilgili yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar var. Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatmak gerekebilir. T\u00fcrkiye’de 100\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir araya geldi\u011fi; tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan zehirli kimyasallar\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmay\u0131, alternatif y\u00f6ntemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, devreye girmesini sa\u011flamay\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir g\u0131da \u00fcretimini temin etmeyi hedef olarak g\u00f6zeten bir A\u011f. T\u00fcketici derneklerinden tutun \u00fcreticilere, ar\u0131 birli\u011fine, \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u0131da, tar\u0131m ve \u00e7evreyle ilgilenen sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yor. Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n akademik literat\u00fcrde \u00f6nem arz eden makale ve rapor \u00e7evirilerine zehirsiz<\/a>s<\/a>ofralar.org<\/a> sitesinden ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Hem t\u00fcketiciler hem de \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in pestisitlerin zararlar\u0131 ve alternatiflerine y\u00f6nelik yay\u0131nlanan iki \u00f6nemli rehberler de yine bu siteden indirilebilir.
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T\u00fcketici Rehberi’ni buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131mda kimyasal kullan\u0131m\u0131 azaltmak ile ilgili yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemesi, hatta \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir konu var: \u00c7ift\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de gerek medyadaki yayg\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fma gerek sosyal medyadaki tespitler \u00fczerinden d\u00f6nen tart\u0131\u015fmalarda t\u00fcketici sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n planda. Bunu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r buluyorum asl\u0131nda ama sadece t\u00fcketiciler oda\u011f\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir eksikli\u011fi var. Asl\u0131nda pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en ciddi ve ilk anda \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere zarar veriyor. Bunun alt\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131n kal\u0131n \u00e7izmek gerekiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tar\u0131msal alana at\u0131lan pestisit orada belli bir s\u00fcre toksik etkisini devam ettiriyor. \u00c7e\u015fitli pestisitlerin bir tarlaya, bir seraya yani tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim yap\u0131lan bir alana at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki zehirli etkisi; kimisinin 3 g\u00fcn, kiminin 30 g\u00fcn, kimininki 3 ay olmak \u00fczere orada devam eder. Hem orada yeti\u015ftirilen bitkilerde hem de o toprakta pestisitler varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, zehirli etkisini devam ettirir. Tar\u0131msal alana at\u0131lan pestisitlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7evreye yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bu konudaki \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re, birim alana at\u0131lan pestisitlerin %95\u2019i, baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re %99\u2019u hava olaylar\u0131, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, sulama vesaire gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zehirsiz Kampanya’ya destek ol, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe zarar veren, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 zehirleyen pestisitler yasaklans\u0131n: Change.org\/ZehirsizSofralar<\/a><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin yo\u011fun \u00fcretim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgede pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da yo\u011fun oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek; burada ya\u015fayan \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim yapan ki\u015filerin, onlar\u0131n ailelerinin ya da yevmiyeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin s\u00fcrekli bu i\u015fi yapmaktan dolay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olduklar\u0131 risk t\u00fcketicilerden daha fazla. Bu konuda, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma var. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve onlar\u0131n ailelerinden bahsederken, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 dikkate almak gerekiyor. \u00c7ocuk n\u00fcfus yani ya\u015f\u0131 0-18 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hatta daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck 0-5 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan \u00e7ocuklar, pestisitlerin olumsuz etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 yeti\u015fkinlere k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha duyarl\u0131. 
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Pestisitlerin anne karn\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fa dahi etkisi oldu\u011fu, otizm ve sebebi bilinemeyen di\u011fer bir s\u00fcr\u00fc hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n da kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor… <\/strong>
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B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k:<\/strong> Pestisitler bu konunun g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi de\u011fildir. \u00c7e\u015fitli metabolik ve kanser gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kirletilmi\u015f bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015famakla \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ilgisi var. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z b\u00f6lgede toprak kirliyse, sular\u0131 kirletilmi\u015fse, havas\u0131 kirliyse baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klara yakalanma riskiniz, daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fayan insanlara k\u0131yasla ciddi \u015fekilde art\u0131yor. Tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iler \u00fczerinden konu\u015fursak, onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ortamda maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 toksik kimyasal: pestisitler. \u00dcr\u00fcn baz\u0131nda bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde 7-8 kez, baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde ise 25-30\u2019a kadar varan pestisit uygulamalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. T\u00fcrkiye genelinde pestisit uygulamas\u0131 yapan insanlar\u0131n kendilerini korumak, o zehirli kimyasallar\u0131n olumsuz etkisinden korunmak i\u00e7in ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nlemler \u00e7ok \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck noktadad\u0131r. Solunmamas\u0131 gereken pestisitleri soluyabilirler, deri yoluyla emilim olur. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin pestisit kullanmaya mahk\u00fbm edildi\u011fine ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin piyasaya pestisitli, zararl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn sunduklar\u0131na dair bir alg\u0131 var, bu do\u011fru de\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin pestisitlerden ma\u011fduriyeti \u00fczerine geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekte g\u0131da ve saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lsa durumun ne kadar vahim oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. D\u00fcnyada bu konuda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6rneklerini model ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda veya onlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda benzer \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n sorun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. 
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Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli zararlar\u0131, hormonal sistem \u00fczerinde etkileri, hormonal a\u00e7\u0131dan anne karn\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan olumsuz etkileri var ve bu pestisitlerin yasaklanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar var. Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dcretici Rehberi<\/a>\u2019nde, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler pestisit kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman yerine ne yapacaklar sorusunun \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu alternatifler var.
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\"\"
Zehirsiz Sofralar \u00dcretici Rehberi’ni <\/strong>buradan<\/strong><\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcketiciler ila\u00e7l\u0131 bir \u015fey yememesi konusunda ikna olmu\u015f durumda. Fakat \u00fcreticiyi pestisit kullanmadan \u00fcretim yapma konusunda ikna etmek daha zor oluyor. Bununla ilgili alternatifleri de \u00fcreticiye sunmak gerekiyor. Bu bahsetti\u011finiz rehberde bu alternatifler mevcut ve \u00fcreticiye de sunuluyor…<\/strong>
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B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k:<\/strong> Bu i\u015fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fcz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deklare eden bir rehber. Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir zorunluluk haliymi\u015f imaj\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik bir belge. Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak, ekolojik ya da \u00e7evreye ve do\u011fal hayata zarar\u0131 olmayan y\u00f6ntemleri ve teknikleri uygulamak ciddi bir kamu deste\u011fi gerektiriyor. Danimarka gibi d\u00fcnyada pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 ba\u015faran \u00fclkeler var. Danimarka, 20 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcredir pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 azaltma projesi uyguluyor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ana \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131nda insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pestisit kirlenmesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Bunun \u00fczerine su varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in tar\u0131mda pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltma do\u011frultusunda oradaki tar\u0131m bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzeri bir kurum ciddi bir proje geli\u015ftirdi. 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r aral\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcren projeyle bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131nda %40 oran\u0131nda azalma oldu. B\u00f6yle kayda de\u011fer iyi \u00f6rnekler var. Bizde ise tam aksi bir durum s\u00f6z konusu; pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, y\u0131ldan y\u0131la ne yaz\u0131k ki art\u0131yor.
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Pestisit; b\u00f6cek, ha\u015ferat ve benzerinin bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve onlar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in her sene daha fazla kullanmay\u0131 gerektiren bir \u015fey de\u011fil mi?<\/strong>
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B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k:<\/strong> Diren\u00e7 geli\u015fimi, pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir sorun. Bir yandan da tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde kullan\u0131lan tekniklerin giderek pestisitlere do\u011fru kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda sorun var. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, 7-8 ton civar\u0131nda. \u015eu an geldi\u011fimiz nokta ise 60.000 ton civar\u0131nda ve belki de daha fazla… Bakanl\u0131k deklare etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in net rakamlar\u0131 bilemiyoruz.
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En kolay yap\u0131lan \u015feylerden biri pestisit kullanmak. Yoksa tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131labilecek \u00e7ok say\u0131da teknik var. Zaten \u00fcreticilere de bunlar anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00fclke genelinde tar\u0131m\u0131 organize etme, y\u00f6n verme sorumlulu\u011fu olan bir kurumun hangi y\u00f6ntem ve tekniklerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz. Bakanl\u0131k, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmeyen agro-ekolojik uygulamalar\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir, bunlar\u0131 destekleyebilir, bu uygulamalara \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fimini sa\u011flayabilir. Bunlar yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, sadece \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerden bir duyarl\u0131l\u0131k beklemek yanl\u0131\u015f. Bu talepleri iletece\u011fimiz, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki sorumlu kurum Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmal\u0131. Pestisit konusunu bir sorunu ortaya koydu\u011fumuzda bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde bir uzla\u015f\u0131 var: Agro-ekolojik teknikler hem do\u011fal hayat i\u00e7in daha az zararl\u0131 hem de \u00fcretim verimlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkate de\u011fer \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilere \u201cpestisit kullanmay\u0131n\u201d dedi\u011fimizde, faili olmayan bir \u015feye sesleniyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de milyonlarca \u00e7ift\u00e7i var. Tek tek \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere ula\u015fmak ve bunu milyonlarca \u00e7ift\u00e7iye anlatmak \u00e7ok zor. Burada fail, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerle birebir temas eden, T\u00fcrkiye’de il, il\u00e7e, k\u00f6y baz\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye ve on binlerce personele sahip kurumlardan bir tanesi olan Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Ancak o kurum, \u201cben bu i\u015fi \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fim\u201d dedi\u011finde birtak\u0131m olumlu ad\u0131mlar g\u00f6zleme \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z var. 
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir ba\u015fka olumlu \u00f6rnek, d\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli pirin\u00e7 \u00fcreticisi \u00fclkelerden biri olan Endonezya\u2019d\u0131r. 1980\u2019lerin sonundan itibaren, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimlerde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretim verimlili\u011finde d\u00fc\u015fme olmadan ciddi oranda azaltan \u00fclkelerden biridir. Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda verimlilikte kay\u0131p olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131k dile getirilir. Dedi\u011fim gibi, bu meselelerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda milyonlarca \u00e7ift\u00e7iye eri\u015fimi olan kamu kurumundan isteyebiliriz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc faili biliyoruz. Biz ancak seslenebiliriz, yay\u0131nlar, konu\u015fmalar yapabiliriz… 
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratabiliriz ama asl\u0131nda karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n harekete ge\u00e7mesiyle bir netice alabiliriz.<\/strong>
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B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k:<\/strong> Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bunun as\u0131l sorumlusudur, oradan talep ediyoruz. Bizim, yurtta\u015flar, \u00f6rg\u00fctler, platformlar, akademi, medya olarak bu konuda muhatapl\u0131k ili\u015fkisini do\u011fru kurmam\u0131z \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. 
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ek olarak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan bu pestisitlerin hangilerinin \u00e7ift\u00e7i, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi ve \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok tehlikeli oldu\u011fu, hangilerinin sistemimizi bozdu\u011fu, hangilerinin v\u00fccudumuza girdi\u011finde \u00e7e\u015fitli dokularda birikti\u011fi, hangilerinin su ve toprakta uzun s\u00fcre kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu konusunda Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/a> yapt\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada 41 tane pestisit etken maddesinin \u00e7ift\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok tehlikeli oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir belge haz\u0131rland\u0131. L\u00fctfen \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerimiz ve sorumlu kurum olarak Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu pestisitlerin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flas\u0131n.  
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n 41 pestisit etken maddesi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu r\u00f6portaj Leyla Aslan \u00dcnl\u00fcbay\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlay\u0131p sundu\u011fu A\u00e7\u0131k Radyo\u2019daki Tohumdan Hasada Ekolojik Ya\u015fam <\/strong><\/em>program\u0131ndan<\/strong><\/em><\/a> yaz\u0131ya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/em> <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

De\u015fifre: <\/em><\/strong>Gamze Sevin (Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc \u0130leti\u015fim Ekibi)<\/em>
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u0131da M\u00fchendisi Dr. B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k ile Bu\u011fday Ekolojik Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi’ni ve tar\u0131m zehirlerinin zararlar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015ftuk. \u00c7ok de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00fcnler ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zamanlarday\u0131z ama hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tam orta yerinde duran pestisitlerin insan hayat\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,18,437,337],"tags":[201,199,458,328,370],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6872"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7093,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6872\/revisions\/7093"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}