{"id":6821,"date":"2020-03-16T23:59:32","date_gmt":"2020-03-16T20:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=6821"},"modified":"2021-07-07T11:26:33","modified_gmt":"2021-07-07T08:26:33","slug":"iklim-krizi-soframizda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/iklim-krizi-soframizda\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim krizi sofram\u0131zda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi \u0130leti\u015fim ve Kampanya Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik, <\/strong>\u0130klim Haber<\/strong><\/a>‘den G\u00fclce Demirer’in sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlad\u0131. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konvansiyonel tar\u0131m \u00fcretmiyor, t\u00fcketiyor; topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, suyumuzu ve havam\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcketiyor. Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi \u0130leti\u015fim Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik, organik tar\u0131mla ya da alternatif di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok do\u011fa dostu tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemiyle de insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 doyurman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funun bir kez daha alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. Mesele a\u00e7l\u0131k de\u011fil, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 doyurma iddias\u0131yla hareket eden end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m 70 y\u0131ld\u0131r a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulabilmi\u015f de\u011fil. \u015eu an d\u00fcnyada 1 milyar insan a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda. \u0130klim krizi ise art\u0131k tarlam\u0131zda ve sofram\u0131zda\u2026<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar\u0131na sebep oluyor? Hangi ba\u015fl\u0131klarda ele al\u0131nabilir bu emisyonlar? Mesela hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan konu\u015funca metan giriyor devreye. Ama onun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcbre, zirai ila\u00e7lar, su, lojistik, tar\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n emisyonlar\u0131 ve depolama gibi bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fl\u0131k var\u2026 Ayr\u0131ca bu noktada T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir sera gaz\u0131 profili var?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde tar\u0131m\u0131n karbon emisyonlar\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %10 civar\u0131nda. Ancak sadece \u00fcretimi de\u011fil, t\u00fcketim zincirini, fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcbre \u00fcretimini de hesaba katt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerin pay\u0131 %30\u2019u buluyor. End\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m, kaynaklar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, iklim krizini ya da biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe, do\u011faya verilen zarar\u0131 dikkate alm\u0131yor. Bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde maksimum verimi alabilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan pestisitlerin, kimyasal g\u00fcbrenin topra\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fini yok etti\u011fini, ekosisteme zarar verdi\u011fini hesaba katm\u0131yor. Yani asl\u0131nda \u00fcretmiyor, t\u00fcketiyor; topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, suyumuzu, havam\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcketiyor. Mevsimsel ve yerel beslenmeyi dikkate almayan k\u00fcresel t\u00fcketim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ise bu t\u00fcketme etkisini birka\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kararak, g\u0131dan\u0131n gezegende b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayak izini y\u00fckseltiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kanada\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bakliyat gelmesi ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te neden olunan karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 hi\u00e7 kimsenin g\u00f6z\u00fcne batm\u0131yor. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak, metropollerdeki tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n betonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu metropolleri doyurabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin her yan\u0131ndan buraya \u00fcr\u00fcn getirilmesi normalle\u015fiyor. Sadece pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bile karbon sal\u0131m\u0131ndaki etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00fclkemizde f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan s\u00fclf\u00fcril flor\u00fcr bile\u015fi\u011finin k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma sorununa katk\u0131s\u0131 bir birim karbondioksit molek\u00fcl\u00fcne k\u0131yasla 4800 kat daha fazla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 2018\u2019de 430 milyon tondu; bu global d\u00fczeyde en \u00e7ok karbon sal\u0131m\u0131na neden olan 15. \u00fclke oldu\u011fumuz anlam\u0131na geliyor. Burada tar\u0131msal faaliyetlerin pay\u0131 %12 olarak belirtiliyor ancak g\u0131da zincirini ve fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rleri de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n pay\u0131 %30 civar\u0131nda. Yani yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak global d\u00fczeydeki oranlarla ayn\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konvansiyonel tar\u0131m ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticinin \u00e7evresel etki farklar\u0131 nedir? \u0130klim krizi de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda nas\u0131l bir tar\u0131m modeli iklime daha diren\u00e7li olur, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilere veya farkl\u0131 tar\u0131m modellerine mi y\u00f6nelmeliyiz?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131day\u0131 \u00fcretme, tedarik etme ve t\u00fcketme y\u00f6ntemlerimiz tamamen de\u011fi\u015fmeli, bu \u00e7ok net. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u015fu anki end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m, sadece getirisi en y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yeti\u015ftiriyor. Tarih boyunca 6000\u2019den fazla bitki t\u00fcr\u00fc g\u0131da ama\u00e7l\u0131 ekilip bi\u00e7ilirken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde toplam tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin %66\u2019s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 sadece sekiz bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcnden olu\u015fuyor. Monok\u00fclt\u00fcr tar\u0131m yerine \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini tercih etmek, hem biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor, hem daha az pestisit, g\u00fcbre gibi girdi gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u0131yaslanamayacak d\u00fczeyde fark yarat\u0131yor. Bunu yapan ve yapabilecek olan da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler. Agroekoloji, mutlaka ve bir an \u00f6nce y\u00f6nelinmesi gereken bir tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemidir ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fimizi sa\u011flayabilmemiz i\u00e7in tek ve en verimli yoldur. Agroekolojik y\u00f6ntemlere ge\u00e7i\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan farklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan BM, 3.6 milyon hektar alanda tah\u0131l ve k\u00f6k bitkisi \u00fcreten 4.42 milyon k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7inin hane ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama g\u0131da \u00fcretiminde %73 (1.7 ton\/y\u0131l) art\u0131\u015f, 542.000 hektar alanda patates, tatl\u0131 patates ve cassava gibi k\u00f6k bitkileri \u00fcreten 146.000 \u00e7ift\u00e7inin g\u0131da \u00fcretiminde ise %150 art\u0131\u015f (17 ton\/y\u0131l) g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131 tar\u0131m modelleri dedi\u011fimizde de herkesin akl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 soru beliriyor: Organik tar\u0131mla, tar\u0131m zehri kullanmadan, kimyasal g\u00fcbre kullanmadan milyonlar\u0131 doyurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Organik tar\u0131m T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi de doyurur, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 da. Rodale Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, 30 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u201cFarming Systems Trial\u201d (FST) bir tarafta konvansiyonel \u00fcretim, bir tarafta organik \u00fcretim yaparak her iki y\u00f6ntemi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucunda organik \u00fcretimin de, en az konvansiyonel kadar verimli oldu\u011fu, hatta kurak d\u00f6nemlerde organik \u00fcretimin daha verimli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Yani d\u00fcnyay\u0131 doyurmak i\u00e7in end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma ve onun y\u00f6ntemlerine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011fu, onlara mecbur oldu\u011fumuz do\u011fru de\u011fil. Hatta bu bilin\u00e7li \u015fekilde \u00fcretilen ve yay\u0131lan kocaman bir yalan. Organik tar\u0131mla ya da alternatif di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok do\u011fa dostu tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemiyle de insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 doyurmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kald\u0131 ki, mesele a\u00e7l\u0131k de\u011fil, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 doyurma iddias\u0131yla hareket eden end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m 70 y\u0131ld\u0131r a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulabilmi\u015f de\u011fil. \u015eu an d\u00fcnyada 1 milyar insan a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda. Bu a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nedeni ise yetersiz g\u0131da \u00fcretimi de\u011fil, g\u0131daya eri\u015fimde ya\u015fanan adaletsizlik. Ve \u00fcstelik \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc mevcut tedarik zinciri ve ekonomik politikalar nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6pe gidiyor, israf ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zehirsiz Kampanya<\/strong><\/a>\u2018ya destek ol; iklim krizini tetikleyen, bizi zehirleyen pestisitler yasaklans\u0131n<\/strong>. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bizzat yerli \u00fcreticilerin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerini hissetti\u011fini duydunuz mu? Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimi, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, don veya yeni hastal\u0131k t\u00fcrleri var m\u0131? Varsa mahsullerini nas\u0131l etkiliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zamans\u0131z ya\u011fmurlar nedeniyle mantar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bula\u015fan iki d\u00f6n\u00fcm domatesi bizzat kendi ellerimle s\u00f6km\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm var. O y\u00fczden, evet, \u00fcreticiler art\u0131k iklim krizini bizzat ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri t\u00fcketen \u00fcreticiler de ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130klim krizi art\u0131k tarlam\u0131zda ve sofram\u0131zda. Ekim-dikim takvimleri tamamen \u015fa\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r benzer \u015fekilde devam eden ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimi art\u0131k \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez \u00f6zellikte. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu y\u0131l zeytin hasad\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekenden yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya az oldu\u011funu duyduk Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nden. Hen\u00fcz yeni bir hastal\u0131k duymad\u0131k ama mevcut hastal\u0131klar art\u0131k \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez zamanlarda geliyor. Kurakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimlerinde de\u011fi\u015fimler, don gibi olaylar mahsullerin verimlili\u011fini etkiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131da israf\u0131 da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir mesele iklim kriziyle m\u00fccadelede. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u0131da israf\u0131 oran\u0131 nedir? Ne gibi uygulamalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131 israf\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ad\u0131na?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00dcB\u0130TAK taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, israf edilen sebze ve meyve miktar\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 12 milyon ton, ekmek say\u0131s\u0131 ise g\u00fcnl\u00fck 4,9 milyon adet. Bunlar korkun\u00e7 rakamlar. Bunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bireysel olarak yapabilece\u011fimiz \u015fey, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sorgulamak ve ger\u00e7ekten ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan\u0131 almak; yerel ve mevsimsel \u00fcr\u00fcnleri se\u00e7mek. Kamunun yapmas\u0131 gereken ise end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fil, ekolojik, do\u011fa dostu \u00fcretimi desteklemek. Kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fi ve g\u0131da topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek gerekiyor. Tedarik zincirinde \u00fcretici ve t\u00fcketiciyi do\u011frudan bulu\u015fturan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmek. 100\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n kurum ve inisiyatifin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131, do\u011fa dostu \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve tar\u0131m zehirlerinin yasaklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir kampanya y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bu kampanyan\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fimiz i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik’in r\u00f6portaj\u0131 \u0130klim Haber<\/a>‘de<\/span> yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi \u0130leti\u015fim ve Kampanya Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik, \u0130klim Haber‘den G\u00fclce Demirer’in sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlad\u0131. Konvansiyonel tar\u0131m \u00fcretmiyor, t\u00fcketiyor; topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, suyumuzu ve havam\u0131z\u0131 t\u00fcketiyor. Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi \u0130leti\u015fim Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Turgay \u00d6z\u00e7elik, organik tar\u0131mla ya da alternatif…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,41,30,337],"tags":[551,331,211,328],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6821"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6821"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":233319,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6821\/revisions\/233319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}