{"id":5156,"date":"2019-12-10T00:00:43","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T21:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=5156"},"modified":"2020-05-19T18:37:37","modified_gmt":"2020-05-19T15:37:37","slug":"turkiyenin-pestisit-gercegi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/turkiyenin-pestisit-gercegi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Pestisit Ger\u00e7e\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Verimlilik i\u00e7in \u201colmazsa olmaz\u201d olarak sunulan pestisitlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 51 artt\u0131, ama birim alandan al\u0131nan verim bunun \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Yabanc\u0131 otlar, \u00fcr\u00fcne zarar verebilecek b\u00f6cek, fungus ve di\u011fer hastal\u0131k etkenleri ile m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan pestisitler, yani tar\u0131m zehirleri, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ve do\u011fal varl\u0131klara zarar verirken, di\u011fer yandan \u00fcr\u00fcne zarar veren bu etkenlerin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k kazanmas\u0131na ve topra\u011f\u0131n canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok edip fakirle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f olmamas\u0131na, hatta %3 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan alanlar 23 bin 941 bin hektar iken, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 23 bin 200 bin hektara geriledi. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 51 artt\u0131 ve 39 bin 723 tondan, 60 bin tona ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fcretime etkisi ise, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile verimlilik aras\u0131nda iddia edildi\u011fi gibi do\u011frusal bir ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n verimlili\u011fin artmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik beklentilerin \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kayna\u011f\u0131 Tar\u0131m ve Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablodaki verilere g\u00f6re 2014-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda  pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 %51,10 artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hektar ba\u015f\u0131na ton olarak bu\u011fdaydaki verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 %14,17, meyve grubunda %13,85, sebze de %7,82, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finde %6,4, patateste %4,4. Mercimekte ise verim kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, iddia edilen verimlili\u011fi sa\u011flamaktan \u00e7ok uzak oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc pestisitler sadece zararl\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil, faydal\u0131 b\u00f6cekleri, mikroorganizmalar\u0131 ve tozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da yok ederek do\u011fan\u0131n dengesini alt \u00fcst ediyor. \u00dcstelik pek \u00e7ok zararl\u0131, zamanla pestisitlere diren\u00e7 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 bu zararl\u0131lar \u00fczerinde etkisiz kal\u0131yor. Bu nedenle her y\u0131l daha fazla ve daha etkili pestisit t\u00fcrleri kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. 2017\u2019de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi\u2019nde sunulan bir rapora g\u00f6re, kimyasal pestisitler son 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcr\u00fcn kay\u0131plar\u0131nda herhangi bir azalma sa\u011flamad\u0131.(1) Sonu\u00e7 olarak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 zehirlemek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 olarak toplumu bir ad\u0131m \u00f6teye ta\u015f\u0131mayan bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc ya\u015fan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re,(2) 26 milyon hektar tar\u0131m arazisi pestisitler ve di\u011fer kirleticilerden kaynakl\u0131 orta ve \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde kontaminasyona (bula\u015fma) u\u011frad\u0131. Bu nedenle tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli arazilerin y\u00fczde 20\u2019si, tar\u0131m yap\u0131lamaz h\u00e2le geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte sadece verim odakl\u0131 bir tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan eksik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m. Pestisitlerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k ve \u00e7evre zararlar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe verdi\u011fi zarar ve toprakta, suda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kirlilik de geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek, ciddi boyutta \u00e7evresel maliyetler olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan her bir dolarl\u0131k harcama, ortalama 5-10 dolarl\u0131k bir harcamay\u0131 gerektiren insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sorun a\u00e7l\u0131k de\u011fil a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re(4) d\u00fcnyada 820 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n insan, yani yakla\u015f\u0131k dokuz ki\u015fiden biri, yeterli beslenemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekiyor.  Sonu\u00e7 olarak tar\u0131m zehirleri, suni g\u00fcbreler, hormonlar, hibrit veya geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f tohumlara dayal\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m, de\u011fil a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek g\u00fcvenilir, besleyici, yeterli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131daya eri\u015fimi daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Bir yandan vaat ettikleri verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sunamayan, \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri y\u00fcksek girdi maliyetleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakan, di\u011fer yandan da topra\u011f\u0131n canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok ederek fakirle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7an pestisitler ve di\u011fer petrokimyasal girdiler, topraktan ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayanlar\u0131n \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek kente g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesinin nedenlerinden biri olarak da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za, canl\u0131lara ve \u00e7evreye zarar veren pestisitlerin, bu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131m\u0131na devam edilirse a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek bir yana, tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n giderek  \u00fcretkenli\u011fini yitirmesine ve ekosistemin zarar g\u00f6rmesine yol a\u00e7arak a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa neden olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nedenle tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntem ve tekniklerinin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe, do\u011faya etkilerini de g\u00f6zeten, zehirsiz, do\u011fa dostu \u00fcretim metotlar\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi gerekiyor. Pestisit ad\u0131 verilen tar\u0131m zehirlerinin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki maliyetlerinin uzun vadeli ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 art\u0131k bir zorunluluk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Organik Tar\u0131m Vakf\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re, agroekoloji ad\u0131 verilen do\u011fa dostu tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri toksik pestisitlere do\u011frudan maruz kalmay\u0131 engelledi\u011fi gibi, hava, toprak, y\u00fczey suyu ve yeralt\u0131 suyu kalitesini de iyile\u015ftiriyor. Daha az enerji odakl\u0131 olan agroekoloji, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltan ve karbon yakalayan sistemler sayesinde, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkilerinden korunmaya da yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fa dostu ve organik \u00fcretime ge\u00e7en \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar(5), agroekolojinin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunu besleyebilece\u011fini ve yeterli besin de\u011ferini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm canl\u0131lar i\u00e7in Zehirsiz Sofralar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

100 kurum ve inisiyatifin yan yana gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131, 23 Kas\u0131m\u2019da \u201cT\u00fcm Canl\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Zehirsiz Sofralar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir imza kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Kampanyada D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan \u201cson derece tehlikeli\u201d, \u201cy\u00fcksek seviyede tehlikeli\u201d ve \u201cmuhtemel kanserojen\u201d olarak belirlenen ve pestisitlerde kullan\u0131lan 13 etken maddenin \u00f6ncelikle ve ivedilikle yasaklamas\u0131 talep ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi kapsam\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131, herkesi kampanyaya destek olmaya, gelece\u011fine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar imza kampanyas\u0131na buradan<\/a> destek olabilirsiniz.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi pestisitlerin zararlar\u0131 konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yaratmak ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla Bu\u011fday Ekolojik Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi ve Avrupa Pestisit Eylem A\u011f\u0131 (PAN Europe) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan Sivil Toplum Diyalo\u011fu V Program\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda desteklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar Projesi ve Zehirsiz Sofralar Sivil Toplum A\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili haberleri web sitemizden takip edebilirsiniz:\u00a0www.zehirsizsofralar.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ZEH\u0130RS\u0130Z SOFRALAR S\u0130V\u0130L TOPLUM A\u011eI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Human Rights Council, Thirty-fourth session, 27 February-24 March 2017, Agenda item 3, Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food<\/li>
  2. https:\/\/www.caixinglobal.com\/2016-06-08\/chinas-tainted-soil-initiative-lacks-pay-plan-101011627.html<\/a><\/li>
  3. Miller G.T. and Spoolman S., (2011). \u201cCh. 7. Food, Soil and Pest Management\u201d. Sustaining the Earth (Tenth ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thompson Learning, Inc.<\/li>
  4. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/ca5268en\/ca5268en.pdf<\/a><\/li>
  5. Human Rights Council, Thirty-fourth session, 27 February-24 March 2017, Agenda item 3, Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to food<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Verimlilik i\u00e7in \u201colmazsa olmaz\u201d olarak sunulan pestisitlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 51 artt\u0131, ama birim alandan al\u0131nan verim bunun \u00e7ok uza\u011f\u0131nda kald\u0131. Yabanc\u0131 otlar, \u00fcr\u00fcne zarar verebilecek b\u00f6cek, fungus ve di\u011fer hastal\u0131k etkenleri…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[336,18,43,49,337],"tags":[101,328],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5156"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5156"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5164,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5156\/revisions\/5164"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}