{"id":3586,"date":"2019-02-28T08:57:46","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T05:57:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=3586"},"modified":"2019-03-01T06:08:37","modified_gmt":"2019-03-01T03:08:37","slug":"geleneksel-kulturumuzde-tohum-saklama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/geleneksel-kulturumuzde-tohum-saklama\/","title":{"rendered":"Geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczde tohum saklama"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Solmaz Karaba\u015fa, yerel tohumlar\u0131n saklanmas\u0131, se\u00e7ilmesi ve ekilmesine ili\u015fkin geleneksel bilgileri bir araya getirerek, e\u015fsiz bir kaynak sunuyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar:<\/strong> Solmaz Karaba\u015fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m, insan\u0131n \u201cbirincil\u201d ihtiyac\u0131 olan beslenmenin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck bir faaliyet oldu\u011fundan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve hayati bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fi noktada tar\u0131msal faaliyet, gerek faaliyetin organizasyonu, gerekse de \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayat\u0131 tehdit eder hale gelmi\u015ftir. Yo\u011fun kimyasal kullan\u0131larak, geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler, besine ula\u015famama riski vb. bu tehditlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu riskler, geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcrdeki tar\u0131ma daha \u00e7ok dikkat vermemizi gerektirmektedir. (Geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir nitelikleri i\u00e7in bkz. Karaba\u015fa, 2007)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczde tar\u0131m, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u015fekillendi\u011fi temel faaliyettir. Tar\u0131msal faaliyetin temeli olan tohum ise ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7inde saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi onun ye\u015fermesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan halk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde azami \u00f6zen g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumla ilgili olarak \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmesi gereken \u00fc\u00e7 etkinlik vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.TOHUMUN SE\u00c7\u0130LMES\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumlar elde edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en iyilerinden se\u00e7ilerek ayr\u0131l\u0131r, i\u00e7indeki istenmeyen tohumlar ay\u0131klan\u0131r, temizlenir. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tohum sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gittik\u00e7e yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ekilen ekin i\u00e7inde kendili\u011finden biten di\u011fer tah\u0131l t\u00fcrlerine ekinin azmas\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; arpan\u0131n i\u00e7inde yulaf azmas\u0131 var gibi. E\u011fer ekilen bu\u011fday tohumluk yap\u0131lacaksa, i\u00e7indeki \u00e7avdar azmas\u0131, tarladayken kesilerek ay\u0131klan\u0131r (\u00e7avdar\u0131n boyu daha y\u00fcksek olur). Tohuma b\u0131rak\u0131lan sebzeler dal\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, iyice olgunla\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra kopar\u0131l\u0131r, tohumu al\u0131n\u0131r, kurutulur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u0131l dikilen lahanan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden k\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7erse ertesi y\u0131la tohumluk olur. Tohum \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f lahanaya oka \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f denir. Yaz\u0131n temmuz ay\u0131nda tohumu al\u0131n\u0131r. (Ulus\/Bart\u0131n)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumluk i\u00e7in so\u011fan\u0131n iri ve d\u00fczg\u00fcnleri se\u00e7ilerek, ayr\u0131 bir yere ekilir. (Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patates tohumu se\u00e7ilirken tek g\u00f6z\u00fc olanlar se\u00e7ilir. \u00c7ok g\u00f6zl\u00fc olan iyi olmaz. (Mustafapa\u015fa\/Nev\u015fehir)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bazen tohum ekmeden de \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 sebzelerin \u00f6nceki y\u0131ldan tohumu tarlada kal\u0131r, bu durumda kendili\u011finden biten bu bitkiler tarla m\u00fcsaitse muhafaza edilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilk \u00f6nce onlar olgunla\u015f\u0131r ve erkenden yenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anlat\u0131: Adam mahsul\u00fc (kabuklu bir yerli tah\u0131l t\u00fcr\u00fc) soymu\u015f ekmi\u015f, bu\u011fday olacak sanm\u0131\u015f, gene mahsul olmu\u015f. \u201cHay cinsini s..ti\u011fim gene cinsine \u00e7ekti\u201d demi\u015f. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. TOHUMUN SAKLANMASI<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumlu\u011fun bir sonraki y\u0131la kadar en iyi ko\u015fullarda saklanmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fc saklamak i\u00e7in\u00a0Anadolu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 yerlerinde farkl\u0131 uygulamalar hayata ge\u00e7irilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7ok ya\u011fmurlu\u00a0Karadeniz\u2019de direkler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f serenderler, di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok yerde ambarlar, kimi\u00a0yerlerde de kuyular (patates, kestane gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnler toprakta), kaya oyuklar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken meyveler\u00a0evin tavanlar\u0131nda, hayat\u0131nda as\u0131larak saklan\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tah\u0131l en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde ambarlarda saklan\u0131r. Ambarlar \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00f6zel olarak \u00e7at\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde d\u0131\u015far\u0131da veya geleneksel mimarisi iki katl\u0131 olan evlerin alt kat\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ambarlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde g\u00f6zleri (b\u00f6lmeleri) vard\u0131r. Her bir b\u00f6lmeye un veya dene konabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambarlar (hambar) kalastan ge\u00e7irmeli yap\u0131l\u0131r. Genelde kapasiteleri 10-15 tonluktur. Ev i\u00e7indekiler sand\u0131k gibi ve 150 yar\u0131ml\u0131k (1,5 tonluk) olur. Ancak bunlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 dar oldu\u011fundan pek tercih edilmezler. Ambarlara bu\u011fday doldurulduktan sonra iki parmak kal\u0131nca ya\u015f ceviz yapra\u011f\u0131 konur. (Nall\u0131han\/Ankara)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u011fday ambara yerle\u015ftirilmeden \u00f6nce b\u00f6ceklenmesin diye dibine deli incirin yapraklar\u0131 serilir. (Bayrami\u00e7\/\u00c7anakkale)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekinin iyice kurutulduktan sonra ambara konmas\u0131 gerekir. Bir \u00f6nceki seneden bu\u011fday kal\u0131rsa, y\u0131kan\u0131r, kurutulur sonra yeniden ambara doldurulur. Bit olmas\u0131n diye ambarlar s\u0131cak suyla y\u0131kan\u0131r. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Harmandan getirilen ekin \u00f6nce yayg\u0131larda serilir, kurutulur sonra ak\u015fam\u00fczeri serinde ambarlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerine doldurulur. Bu\u011fday g\u00fcnletilmeden ambara konursa bitlenir. Ambarlara m\u0131s\u0131r ve fasulye de konabilir. Ambarlarda rutubet olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in hava alan taraf\u0131na tel tak\u0131l\u0131r. (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131\/Kastamonu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambarda saklanan dar\u0131 b\u00f6ceklenmesin diye alt\u0131na, \u00fcst\u00fcne incir yapra\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6\u015fenir, tuz at\u0131l\u0131r. (K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Kanyon\/Antalya)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambara konan fi\u011f bitlenmesin diye aras\u0131na ceviz yapra\u011f\u0131 konur. (Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambarlar\u0131n yerini baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde kaya oyuklar\u0131, kuyular alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta Anadolu\u2019nun bir sulak alan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda olan yerle\u015fimlerinde \u00fcr\u00fcn, yayg\u0131n olarak\u00a0zahraselesi\u2019nde saklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zahra selesi 50 \u00e7inik (1 \u00e7inik bu\u011fday 7 kilo gelir) bu\u011fday kapasitelidir.\u00a0Zahra selesi toprak evlerde hububat\u0131 fare gibi zararl\u0131lardan koruman\u0131n en g\u00fczel yolu\u00a0olmu\u015ftur. Bu seleler 1,5 – 2 m boyunda ve kapakl\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131m\u0131nda k\u0131nd\u0131ra ve topak\u00a0berde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Sultan Sazl\u0131\u011f\u0131\/Kayseri)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lgede bug\u00fcn art\u0131k geleneksel tipte evler yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu zahra selelerine de ihtiya\u00e7 kalmam\u0131\u015f ve kullan\u0131lmaz olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fct\u00fcn sebze tohumlar\u0131 bez torbalarda saklan\u0131r. Kimi b\u00f6lgelerde tohumlar odun k\u00fcl\u00fc ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohum torbalar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131 b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr, hayatlardaki (evin giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc) \u00e7engellere tak\u0131l\u0131r. (Ladik\/ Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7inde tohum olan bez torbalar ambarlara da as\u0131labilir. (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131\/Kastamonu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karn\u0131kara (fasulye t\u00fcr\u00fc), b\u00f6r\u00fclce kabak k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131na (su kaba\u011f\u0131ndan elde edilen kap) konur. \u00c7e\u015fitli\u00a0ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lan kabaklar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p su s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131r hale geldiyse at\u0131lmay\u0131p saklama kab\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0(K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Kanyon\/Antalya)<\/em>

\u0130nan\u0131\u015fsal Pratikler<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131z\u0131r ambara da u\u011fras\u0131n diye H\u0131drellezde mayalanan yo\u011furt ambar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne konur. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambar\u0131n dibini s\u00fcp\u00fcrmezler, bereketi dibinde kals\u0131n, arkas\u0131 kesilmesin diye. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambar\u0131n dibinde yar\u0131m \u00f6l\u00e7ek, bir teneke b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r, bereketi gitmesin diye. (Ladik\/Samsun) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekin bitince ambar\u0131n dibini s\u00fcp\u00fcrgeyle s\u00fcp\u00fcrmeyin, s\u00fcp\u00fcrge toplar gider derlermi\u015f. \u00c7orap \u00e7ulu gibi bir \u015feyle s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcrlermi\u015f. (Nall\u0131han\/Ankara)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kertikli, \u00e7izgili, yaz\u0131l\u0131 gibi ta\u015flar bereket ta\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve ambara mahsul\u00fcn i\u00e7ine konursa mahsul\u00fcn eksilmeyece\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r. (K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Kanyon\/Antalya)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcr\u00fcn bereketli olsun diye; ilkbaharda ilk g\u00f6k g\u00fcrledi\u011finde hemen ambar\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, \u00fc\u00e7 kulvallah okunur, i\u00e7ine ta\u015f at\u0131l\u0131r. Bir de ambara Kurban Bayram\u0131\u2019nda k\u00f6y odas\u0131ndan gelen ekmek konur, bir y\u0131l bekler, dual\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bozulmaz, bereket getirir. (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131\/Kastamonu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. TOHUMUN EK\u0130M\u0130<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumun yeniden ekimi esnas\u0131nda gerek topra\u011f\u0131n tav\u0131, gerek zaman\u0131 gibi gerekli uygun ko\u015fullar\u00a0kollan\u0131r ve ekimi buna g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Tohum eskiden elle ekilirken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha \u00e7ok\u00a0makine ile ekim yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n Tav\u0131<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n tav\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in eline bir avu\u00e7 toprak al\u0131r s\u0131kars\u0131n, birbirine yap\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa tav uygun\u00a0de\u011fil demektir, ekim yap\u0131lmaz, de\u011firmende \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclen hayvan yemi gibi ise tav\u0131 gelmi\u015f demektir.\u00a0(Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekimin Yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tah\u0131l tohumu boyuna tak\u0131lan heybe ile sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Kad\u0131n da erkek de ekin ekebilir ama genelde erkekler\u00a0ekini, kad\u0131nlar sebzeyi eker. Ekin ekmeyi her erkek de bilemeyebilir, o zaman ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan\u00a0istenir. Ekin ekmedeki marifet tarlan\u0131n her yerine dene d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir. Yani tarlada bo\u015f yer\u00a0kalmayacak. (Nall\u0131han\/Ankara)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumluk bu\u011fday \u00f6nce odun k\u00fcl\u00fc ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, tarlaya bu \u015fekilde sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. (Bayrami\u00e7\/\u00c7anakkale) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohum sa\u00e7mak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Genellikle eli \u00e7ok iri, \u00e7ok alan ki\u015fi sa\u00e7mas\u0131 gerekir. (Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tohumu d\u00fczg\u00fcn sa\u00e7abilmek i\u00e7in tarla evleklere b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bir evlek on metre olur. Ortadan gidersin, be\u015f bir tarafta, be\u015f bir tarafta kal\u0131r. (Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim burdaiki el gider: Bir yol ekilir, tekrar ayn\u0131 yerden bir kez daha gidilir. Yani ba\u015fka yerlerde bir defa gitmek yeterlidir. Ancak burada (Ladik) yetmez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ya \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr, ya da don keser. Ekim ay\u0131nda so\u011fuklar gelmeden ekersen ve ekin g\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne (12. ay\u0131n 12sine) kadar topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karsa o ekine bir \u015fey olmaz. Tohum sa\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra tarlan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden t\u0131rm\u0131k, s\u00fcrg\u00fc ya da \u00e7ok eskiden karam\u0131k tikeni ile ge\u00e7ilir. Bu \u015fekilde hem kesekler iyice hallolmu\u015f olur, hem de tohum topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015farak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Eskiden tarlan\u0131n keseklerinin iyice hallolmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sabah ezan\u0131 tarladan koyun s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ge\u00e7irilirmi\u015f. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim \u00f6k\u00fczle yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa 1 d\u00f6n\u00fcme 1 yar\u0131m (1 yar\u0131m 8 kilodur) sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Trakt\u00f6rle 1 d\u00f6n\u00fcme 2,5 yar\u0131m sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bu\u011fday her ad\u0131mda bir avu\u00e7 sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Arpa biraz s\u0131k ekilir. Birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi birden ekim yap\u0131yorsa en kenardaki aya\u011f\u0131 ile i\u015faret yapar. Bir ki\u015fi 2-2,5 m\u2019lik bir alan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Tarlan\u0131n eskiden beri ekilegelen bir tohum miktar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re \u00f6nce ekilir, bu miktara ula\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa gereken tohum \u00fcst\u00fcne yeniden sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. (Nall\u0131han\/Ankara)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6n\u00fcme iki \u00e7inik (16 kilo -bir \u00e7inik 8 kilo-) tohum at\u0131l\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n iyi ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc olu\u015funa g\u00f6re ne kadar tohum at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir. \u201cToprak insano\u011fluna benzer. Bi insano\u011flu zay\u0131ft\u0131r, hali g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktur, mesela 30 kiloyu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc insano\u011flu da neyi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, 100 kiloyu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d. Yani g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tarlaya \u00e7ok tohum at\u0131l\u0131r. (Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim Zaman\u0131<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halk takvimi yerel iklimsel ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturuldu\u011fundan, Anadolu\u2019nun hemen\u00a0her b\u00f6lgesi i\u00e7in farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, her b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen bir\u00a0ekim takvimi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekin, ekim ay\u0131nda, ay\u0131n eskisinde ekilir. (Nall\u0131han\/Ankara)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer tarlan\u0131n tav\u0131 yakalanamazsa eskiden baharda da ekim yap\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu verimli bulunmamaktad\u0131r. May\u0131stan sonra ekilen dar\u0131dan, kocas\u0131ndan sonra kalkan kar\u0131dan hay\u0131r gelmez (K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Kanyon\/Antalya)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk \u00f6nce ince tohumlar (marul, maydanoz gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tohumlular) ekilir. \u0130nce tohumlar \u00f6zel olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ocaklara dikilir. Mesela son cemrede (martta) biber, domates, paz\u0131, (biber domates aras\u0131na paz\u0131 ekilir) mancar (paz\u0131), p\u0131rasa, sar\u0131msak ekilir, bunlar nisan-may\u0131s aylar\u0131nda fidelenir (ba\u015fka yere al\u0131n\u0131r). Fideleme i\u015flemi ak\u015famdan, serinde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Sar\u0131msak yerinde kal\u0131r. Kabak ve salatal\u0131k may\u0131sta ekilir. Ama \u00f6nceden nisanda \u00e7ile konur. Bunun i\u00e7in kemrenin (hayvan g\u00fcbresi) yanm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131ndan tenekeye bir k\u0131s\u0131m konur, i\u00e7ine salatal\u0131k tohumu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, soban\u0131n yan\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Arada bir kurumayacak \u015fekilde \u0131slat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu bir hafta on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00e7illenir. Sonra kar\u0131\u011fa dikilir. Kabak s\u0131k ekilirse tepesine \u00e7\u0131kar, d\u00f6kmez. Seyrek ekilmelidir. Bir kuyuya \u00fc\u00e7 tane at\u0131l\u0131r. Bir de kabak tefek at\u0131p yay\u0131laca\u011f\u0131ndan bostan\u0131n ortas\u0131na de\u011fil kenar\u0131na dikilir. (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131\/Kastamonu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r da dallar\u0131 oldu\u011fundan bah\u00e7enin kenarlar\u0131na bir s\u0131ra halinde ekilir. (Sungurlu\/\u00c7orum)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n eskisinde kara mancar\u0131n tohumu ekilir (Ulus\/Bart\u0131n)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakla havya \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131nca ekilir. (Mustafapa\u015fa\/Nev\u015fehir)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ay \u00e7\u0131kmadan, anas\u0131n\u0131n karn\u0131ndayken yenisi olur. O zaman ekim yap\u0131lmaz, 6-7 g\u00fcn sonra ekilir. (Ulus\/Bart\u0131n)<\/em>

B\u00fct\u00fcn tohumlar ay\u0131n eskisinde ekilir. Fasulyenin ekimi H\u0131drellezden on g\u00fcn \u00f6nce veya on g\u00fcn sonra yap\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0131drellezde ekilirse tezene\u011fi(ha\u015fere t\u00fcr\u00fc)basar denmektedir. Fasulye ekimi i\u00e7in i\u015faret yemi\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fidir. Yemi\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131p da solunca fasulye ekilir. E\u011fer yemi\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7ekli iken ekilirse d\u00f6l vermez. Fasulyenin ekimi sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcne denk getirilir, o g\u00fcn ekilince salk\u0131m olurmu\u015f. Gene fasulye ve m\u0131s\u0131r deli g\u00fcnde (pazar) ekilirse iyi olurmu\u015f. Bir ba\u015fka kaynak ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re de o g\u00fcn bir i\u015f yap\u0131l\u0131rsa ters gider. \u0130yi say\u0131lmaz. (P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131\/Kastamonu)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131drellezden sonraki bir haftada, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle may\u0131s\u0131n ilk giriminde, ilk \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde m\u0131s\u0131r ekilirse koza \u00e7\u0131karmayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tarihler ac\u0131 tav zaman\u0131d\u0131r. (Bir de eski Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n 30\u2019undan 35\u2019ine kadar da ac\u0131 tav, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tav vard\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131drellezde yer hasta olurmu\u015f, o y\u00fczden H\u0131drellezde ekim yap\u0131lmaz. (Ulus\/Bart\u0131n) M\u0131s\u0131r ekilmez, \u00f6k\u00fcz ko\u015fulmaz ama bir g\u00fcn evvel yeri haz\u0131r olursa o g\u00fcn fasulye, domates, biber dikilebilir, d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fczel olur. H\u0131drellezde i\u015f yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen o g\u00fcn dikilen fasulyenin, salatal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00f6kece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de inan\u0131\u015flar vard\u0131r. Bunun sebebinin -Sivas\u2019taki pratiklerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak-yine bir sa\u011falt\u0131m beklentisi olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Sivas\u2019ta kutlanan h\u0131drellez bayram\u0131n\u0131n yerel ad\u0131 E\u011frilce\u2019dir ve o g\u00fcn topra\u011fa \u00f6zellikle fasulye dikiler, b\u00f6ylece insanlara, hayvanlar\u0131na gelecek b\u00fct\u00fcn hastal\u0131klar\u0131n, e\u011friliklerin dikilen fasulyelere gitmesi istenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nan\u0131\u015fsal Pratikler<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk ekini ekme\u011fe gitti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnrahmetlik anam helva bulard\u0131. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Helva pekmezle ya da \u015fekerle yap\u0131l\u0131r, ilk rast gelene verilir (o da Allah rast getirsin, bol versin der), \u00f6k\u00fczlere yedirilir, tohuma kat\u0131l\u0131r, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da yenir. \u201cBin ekiyom deli deli, Allah versin dolu dolu\u201d denir ekmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. (Ladik\/Samsun)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekin ekerken, \u00f6ncelikle \u201ckurda, ku\u015fa, ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine ver, benim de \u00f6mr\u00fcm varsa \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011fuma, hay\u0131rl\u0131 bol r\u0131z\u0131klar ver\u201d diyerek ba\u015flan\u0131r. Ekinin elle ekildi\u011fi zamanlarda \u201c\u00f6nce kurdun ku\u015fun nasibine, sonra insanlar\u0131n nasibine\u201d gibi s\u00f6zlerle ekime ba\u015flan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. (Nall\u0131han\/Ankara)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r ekimi i\u00e7in: \u201cKas\u0131m 100, saban boyunduru\u011fu d\u00fcz\u201d(halk takvimindeki Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n giri\u015finden itibaren y\u00fcz say\u0131l\u0131r ve ekime haz\u0131r olunur), \u201cKas\u0131m 110, tarlaya kon denir.\u201d (Ulus\/Bart\u0131n)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bah\u00e7eye tohum atmadan kom\u015fuya tohum verilmez (evin bereketi ka\u00e7mas\u0131n diye). Bah\u00e7eye ilk olarak tatl\u0131 bir yiyece\u011fin tohumu at\u0131l\u0131r, biber gibi ac\u0131 \u015feylerin tohumu at\u0131lmaz (a\u011fz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tad\u0131 ka\u00e7mas\u0131n diye). Ayba\u015f\u0131l\u0131 kad\u0131n tohum atmaz, fidan dikmez (\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bereketi ka\u00e7mas\u0131n diye). Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 gecesi eve \u00f6k\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r; \u00f6k\u00fcz eve girerken sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 atarsa o y\u0131l bereketli ge\u00e7er. (Rize)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 gecesi evin kad\u0131n\u0131 fasulye tanelerini, evin duvarlar\u0131na f\u0131rlat\u0131r (evde bolluk bereket olsun diye). (Rize)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekici ol da bilici olma.(Ulus\/Bart\u0131n)<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anlat\u0131: A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00c7aml\u0131\u2019da bir ki\u015fi H\u0131drellez g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6k\u00fcz ko\u015fmu\u015f ve taban yap\u0131yormu\u015f. Taban\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne de bir ta\u015f koymu\u015f. O ta\u015f g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7atlam\u0131\u015f. (Ulus\/Bart\u0131n) <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcrde tohumla ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde, \u00f6ncelikle binlerce y\u0131l\u0131n deneyim ve birikimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak edinilmi\u015f olan halk bilgisi yard\u0131ma ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak s\u00f6z konusu olan hayat\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lerin de her ihtimale kar\u015f\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun i\u00e7in bir dizi inan\u0131\u015fsal pratik de uygulamaya konulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi yerelli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan tar\u0131msal faaliyetin, en \u00f6nemli unsuru\u00a0olan yerel tohumlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, bunlar\u0131n bilgisi, saklama y\u00f6ntemleri ne yaz\u0131k ki unutulmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Dahas\u0131 makinele\u015fme ve yeni tohumlar nedeniyle bu bilgiler ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini de yitirmektedir.\u00a0Buna kar\u015f\u0131 durmak gereklili\u011fi yok mudur, yoksa buna olanak m\u0131 yoktur?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yazar:<\/strong> Solmaz Karaba\u015fa\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Solmaz Karaba\u015fa, yerel tohumlar\u0131n saklanmas\u0131, se\u00e7ilmesi ve ekilmesine ili\u015fkin geleneksel bilgileri bir araya getirerek, e\u015fsiz bir kaynak sunuyor. Yazar: Solmaz Karaba\u015fa Tar\u0131m, insan\u0131n \u201cbirincil\u201d ihtiyac\u0131 olan beslenmenin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fck bir faaliyet oldu\u011fundan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,296],"tags":[299,298],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3586"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3587,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3586\/revisions\/3587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}