{"id":3075,"date":"2018-08-15T06:46:54","date_gmt":"2018-08-15T03:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=3075"},"modified":"2018-09-03T16:16:07","modified_gmt":"2018-09-03T13:16:07","slug":"aricilik-iyidir-ama-tutkun-olursan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/aricilik-iyidir-ama-tutkun-olursan\/","title":{"rendered":"Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k iyidir, ama tutkun olursan!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eamil Tuncay Be\u015ftoy, \u00c7evre ve Ar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi (\u00c7ARIK) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen “Senin de Bir Kovan\u0131n Olsun” projesi, ar\u0131lar ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dair izlenimlerini yazd\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her kap\u0131 yeni bir d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Ne var ki, bu kez kap\u0131 koca bir evrene a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131; ar\u0131lar\u0131n ve ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n evrenine\u2026 Ve tutkunu olduk!<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l olmayal\u0131m ki!.. Her kovanda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir uyumla \u2018ar\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u2019 50-60 bin harika b\u00f6cek; bir tarafta d\u00f6llenmek ve \u00fcremek i\u00e7in davetk\u00e2r \u00e7i\u00e7ekleriyle onlar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran bitkiler, di\u011fer tarafta bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011fmak i\u00e7in bekleyen insanlar. Her seferinde do\u011fan\u0131n mucizesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor; \u00e7i\u00e7ekler meyveye, nektar bala d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Paleolitik \u00e7a\u011flarda bal\u0131n Anadolu insan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilindi\u011fi ve beslenmede \u00f6nemli bir yeri oldu\u011fu konusunda kesin bir bilgimiz yok. Fakat Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7ok renkli ve zengin neolitik bir merkezi olan ve Konya\u2019n\u0131n 50 km kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer alan \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te M.\u00d6. 9000-8000 y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenen mimaride konutlar\u0131n i\u00e7 duvar fresklerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcslemeler, bal\u0131n t\u00fcketildi\u011fini g\u00f6steren en erken kan\u0131tlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Modern \u00e7a\u011flara ve sanayi toplumlar\u0131na gelince do\u011fayla ilgili her konuda oldu\u011fu gibi ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta da \u2018uyum\u2019 bozuldu. \u2018Do\u011fayla uyumu\u2019, \u2018do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa\u2019 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc insano\u011flu; \u00f6nce artan n\u00fcfusunu doyurmak amac\u0131yla, sonra da doymak bilmez t\u00fcketim a\u015fk\u0131yla. Elbette ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k da bundan nasibini ald\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k; kovan ba\u015f\u0131na azami verimi elde etmek amac\u0131yla, ar\u0131y\u0131 uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal \u00e7evresinden kopar\u0131p, flora takibi pe\u015finde y\u00f6reden y\u00f6reye, \u00e7i\u00e7ekten \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fimiz, \u2018gezginci\u2019, \u2018end\u00fcstriyel ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 olarak yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u2018Satoyama\u2019, insan\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal \u00e7evreyle kurdu\u011fu dolays\u0131z, uyumlu, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve karma\u015f\u0131k ili\u015fki sonucu olu\u015fan yerel ekonomileri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan Japonca bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck. Japonya\u2019da \u2018sato\u2019 k\u00f6y\u00fc, \u2018yama\u2019 ise o k\u00f6y\u00fcn y\u00f6resine \u00f6zg\u00fc, k\u00f6y\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen orman, otlak, da\u011f ya da tarlalar\u0131, \u2018satoyama\u2019 ise bu ikisinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yap\u0131y\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu kavram, 19 Ekim 2010\u2019da kurulan \u2018do\u011fayla uyum i\u00e7inde bir toplum\u2019 i\u00e7in Satoyama \u0130nisiyatifi\u2019nin temel kavram\u0131 olmu\u015f. Ekosistemleri ve do\u011fal de\u011ferleri korumakta bilgelik, modern bilimin bulgular\u0131yla geleneksel ekolojik bilgiyi harmanlamak ve ekosistemleri birlikte y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in yeni yollar ke\u015ffetmek olarak ifade edilebilecek \u00fc\u00e7 temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimseyen \u2018inisiyatif\u2019 bunu; kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7evrenin ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi ve esneklik i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131m\u0131, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi, yerel geleneklerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin \u00f6neminin tan\u0131nmas\u0131, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve\u2005i\u015fbirli\u011fi temelinde y\u00f6netimi ve yerel sosyo-ekonomilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u015f perspektif temelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Projemiz; tam da \u0130nsiyatifin ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fayla uyum i\u00e7inde topluluklar vizyonuna uygun olarak; Yerel, Do\u011fal ve B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k’ tarz\u0131n\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131mlay\u0131p, canland\u0131rarak, var olan ‘End\u00fcstriyel Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k’ tarz\u0131n\u0131n yerine ikame etmek, ‘\u00c7am Pamuklu Ko\u015fnili’ \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fan sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131n\u0131n ve var olan ekosistemin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir model \u00f6nermeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2018End\u00fcstriyel Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 sistemi sadece ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil; sistemin \u00fcreticiden t\u00fcketiciye, toptanc\u0131dan birliklere ve ila\u00e7 firmalar\u0131ndan akademisyenlere kadar t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerini kapsayan bir sekt\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretimi yapan ar\u0131c\u0131, s\u00fcrecin neredeyse en \u00f6nemsiz par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015f, di\u011fer akt\u00f6rlerin kendisine dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullara uymak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel her \u00fcretim gibi, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ta tamamen sonu\u00e7, yani \u00fcr\u00fcn, yani bal odakl\u0131 bir \u00fcretim alan\u0131 olmu\u015f; \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin sonucu olan pazarlanabilir ve t\u00fcketilebilir mamul miktar\u0131n\u0131 azamiye \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bu anlay\u0131\u015f sonucunda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcrecinin di\u011fer a\u015famalar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz ve anlams\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabii burada bal\u0131 as\u0131l \u00fcreten ar\u0131n\u0131n halini hi\u00e7 sormay\u0131n. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu kaosta ar\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen kimse kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yerel ve do\u011fal bir \u00fcretim olma \u00f6zelli\u011finden kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k; s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini yitirme tehditi alt\u0131nda ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretemedi\u011fi bir t\u0131kanma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Bal \u00fcretimi tamamen tesad\u00fcflere kalm\u0131\u015f, tesad\u00fcfler izin vermedi\u011finde de sahte merdiven alt\u0131 bal eksi\u011fi tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum \u00fcreticinin kaliteli bal \u00fcretmesini anlams\u0131z hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u2018Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131 End\u00fcstriyel Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 modelinde; ar\u0131lar\u0131n genetik yap\u0131s\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fmakta, hastal\u0131klar yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta, bal sadece bir ticari meta olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7evre koruma bilinci olu\u015fmamakta, yerel ar\u0131 ekotipleri kendi do\u011fal ortamlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, yerel bitkilerin d\u00f6llenmesi yetersiz kalmakta, \u2018d\u0131\u015far\u0131\u2019 giden ar\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in gittikleri yerin do\u011fal ortam\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcreci tersine d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcp, merkeze ar\u0131y\u0131, ar\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ve do\u011fru bal ve di\u011fer ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini koyan bir model bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu kaostan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6zleme dayanan geleneksel bilgi ile ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanan bilimsel bilgiyi birle\u015ftiren modern koloni ve ar\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimi \u015fu andaki kaostan tek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ne yaz\u0131k ki, art\u0131k ar\u0131y\u0131 unuttuk; ar\u0131y\u0131 damdaki inek, k\u00fcmesteki tavuk gibi beslemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Ar\u0131y\u0131 yeniden \u00f6\u011frenmemiz gerekiyor; bunun i\u00e7in bir tane kovan\u0131 kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131n, hi\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n, izleyin. Bak\u0131n ne oluyor; ar\u0131c\u0131 yok, bak\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 yok, ila\u00e7 vereni yok, ar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde, ormanlarda, da\u011flarda kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ya\u015fayan ar\u0131lar var. Ama d\u00fcmenin ba\u015f\u0131na biz ge\u00e7ti\u011fimizde ve gemiyi yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ne \u00e7evirdi\u011fimizde, onun tekrar do\u011fru y\u00f6ne \u00e7evirme g\u00fcc\u00fc yok. Do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamalarla, bir kez ar\u0131y\u0131 strese sokunca art\u0131k yapacak bir \u015fey kalm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fadaki her canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7evresi ile uzun bir evrim s\u00fcrecinde kurdu\u011fu denge \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde optimum say\u0131da bireyden olu\u015fan topluluklarda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Antilop ve geyik s\u00fcr\u00fcleri binlerce bireyden olu\u015fabilirken, \u00f6rne\u011fin filler en fazla 50-60 bireylik s\u00fcr\u00fclerle dola\u015f\u0131r. Kedigiller \u00e7iftle\u015fme d\u00f6nemleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla yaln\u0131z ya\u015far. \u0130\u00e7lerinde sadece aslanlar 15-20 bireyden olu\u015fan aileler kurar. \u0130nsan\u0131n do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131 ise y\u00f6resine g\u00f6re 30-50 ya da 100-150 bireyden olu\u015fan kabileler i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f binlerce y\u0131l. D\u00fcnyan\u0131 her y\u00f6resinde o y\u00f6renin ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fcretim ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri, ‘k\u00fclt\u00fcrler’ olu\u015fturmu\u015flar. Bu zengin \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u015fehirlerde bir araya getirince ne oldu\u011funu \u00e7ok iyi biliyoruz. S\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca k\u0131z\u0131\u015f\u0131p d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7iren \u00e7ekirge s\u00fcr\u00fcleri gibi canavarla\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

‘Ar\u0131 \u015fehirleri’ kuruyoruz; asl\u0131nda aynen kendi kentlerimizde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi d\u00fczensiz, \u00e7arp\u0131k, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 ‘ar\u0131 gecekondular\u0131’ ‘varo\u015flar\u0131’ olu\u015fturuyoruz. Ar\u0131lar normalde her bir y\u00f6reye uygun olarak a\u011fa\u00e7 kovuklar\u0131nda, kaya yar\u0131klar\u0131nda, toprak i\u00e7indeki \u00e7ukurlarda kurmu\u015flar kolonilerini. Koloniler aras\u0131nda yine y\u00f6relerine uygun bir uzakl\u0131k olmu\u015f. \u015eimdi biz onlar\u0131 bir ar\u0131l\u0131kta yan yana diziyoruz. \u00c7ok say\u0131da ar\u0131 ayn\u0131 yere s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca hastal\u0131klar, ya\u011fma ve stres geliyor. Evet, stres sadece bize \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ‘l\u00fcks\u201d de\u011fil. Do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 durumlara giren ya da sokulan her canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc strese giriyor. \u00dcstelik sadece onlar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakla kalm\u0131yor, bir de ya\u015famlar\u0131na yerli yersiz m\u00fcdahale ediyoruz. Ar\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fclmeye en uzak t\u00fcrlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

Ama madem, ar\u0131lar\u0131 kendi hallerine b\u0131rakm\u0131yor, ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fclerine m\u00fcdahale ediyoruz, onlar\u0131 inek, tavuk besler gibi, koyun, ke\u00e7i g\u00fctmek gibi y\u00f6netmek istiyoruz, bari bunu onlar\u0131n do\u011fal d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bilerek yapmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin; bir\u00e7ok stres \u00e7e\u015fidi var, a\u00e7l\u0131k stresi denilince genelde k\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki a\u00e7l\u0131ktan bahsederiz. Ama ar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekti\u011fi ve strese girdi\u011fi d\u00f6nem ve en \u00e7ok ar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nem ilkbaharda havan\u0131n en g\u00fczel oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nem ar\u0131n\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6nemdir; diyelim kovanda on \u00e7er\u00e7eve ar\u0131 var; bunun sekiz \u00e7er\u00e7evesi yavru, ikisi tarlac\u0131d\u0131r. Tam o s\u0131rada bahar\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131 bitmek \u00fczere ve yaz \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmesi ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f, iki \u00e7er\u00e7eve tarlac\u0131 ar\u0131m\u0131z var, iki \u00e7er\u00e7eve tarlac\u0131 ar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacak, hem kendi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 hem sekiz \u00e7er\u00e7eve gen\u00e7 ar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 hem de bu sekiz \u00e7er\u00e7evedeki gen\u00e7 ar\u0131n\u0131n bakaca\u011f\u0131 kulu\u00e7kan\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak, b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. O d\u00f6nemde ar\u0131c\u0131, hala biraz da bal geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in ar\u0131n\u0131n beslenmeye ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Oysa kulu\u00e7kay\u0131 bakmak zorunda olan gen\u00e7 ar\u0131lar a\u00e7 kal\u0131nca v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde otuz be\u015fine kadar varan oranlarda kendi protein ve ya\u011flar\u0131yla yavru bak\u0131yorlar. Tarlac\u0131 ar\u0131lar o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kal\u0131yorlar ki, bulduklar\u0131 nektar\u0131 bile kovana getiremiyorlar.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer biz tarlac\u0131 ar\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 ve bebek ar\u0131lar tarlac\u0131 oluncaya kadar bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak bir beslenme deste\u011fini kovanda b\u0131rakmazsak, kovan \u00e7ok say\u0131da gen\u00e7 ar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015fecek, belki de s\u00f6necektir. \u00dcstelik kovanda bal oldu\u011fu halde; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc gen\u00e7 ve bebek ar\u0131lar, o bal\u0131 t\u00fcketerek onlar i\u00e7in besin maddesi \u00fcreten bak\u0131c\u0131 ar\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan beslenmezlerse, o bal\u0131 do\u011frudan t\u00fcketemezler.<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapacaksak, yani, onlar\u0131 g\u00fcderek ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapacaksak, biz \u00fcst katta ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapman\u0131n yolunu bulmal\u0131y\u0131z. Tek katta ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k olmaz. Alt kat\u0131, kulu\u00e7kal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 evi olarak b\u0131rakmal\u0131y\u0131z. Eskiler ar\u0131n\u0131n yuvas\u0131 bozulmaz derlermi\u015f, neden bahsediyor bizim ya\u015fl\u0131lar, g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne getirin, dedeleriniz k\u00fct\u00fck kovanlarda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapard\u0131. Ar\u0131n\u0131n beslenmesi tamamen \u015fekere dayal\u0131 olamaz, ar\u0131 kendi do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131nda depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131 balla beslenir, zaten o bal\u0131 bu nedenle depolar. Bu nedenle ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta, \u00fcr\u00fcn olan bal \u00fcst kattan al\u0131nmal\u0131, alt kattaki ar\u0131n\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bal ar\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131larak, bahar beslemesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Balda sadece \u015feker yok ki, mineraller, enzimler, vitaminler var, bunlar ar\u0131ya laz\u0131m. \u015eimdi denecek ki, biz de \u015feker \u015furubuna bunlardan koyuyoruz; ama ar\u0131n\u0131n, her kovan\u0131n \u00f6zel durumunu, o andaki ger\u00e7ek ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 nereden biliyoruz? Miktar\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zelli\u011fini biliyor muyuz? Bilmiyoruz.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7ine polen kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015feker keki yap\u0131yoruz. Hi\u00e7 ar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 petek g\u00f6z\u00fcne bal ve poleni birlikte depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren var m\u0131? Kald\u0131 ki, ar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde verilen poleni asla t\u00fcketemez, asl\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ekten kendisinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 poleni de o haliyle t\u00fcketemez. Polenin, petek g\u00f6z\u00fcne stoklanmadan \u00f6nce ar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan bula\u015fan enzimlerle \u0131slanmas\u0131 ve petek g\u00f6z\u00fcnde fermente olarak d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sel\u00fcloz koruyucu kabuktan kurtulmas\u0131 gereklidir. Ar\u0131lar, bu \u2018ar\u0131 ekme\u011fini\u2019 t\u00fcketirler.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi k\u0131\u015fa girerken ya da bu b\u00f6lgede k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ar\u0131y\u0131 polen tuzaklar\u0131ndan toplanm\u0131\u015f ve depolanm\u0131\u015f polen kekiyle besliyoruz. Ar\u0131 o poleni sindiremiyor. Ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131 doluyor. D\u0131\u015fk\u0131lama ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011fuyor, o so\u011fukta zorunlu olarak d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve \u00fc\u015f\u00fct\u00fcyor, hatta hava fazla so\u011fuksa fel\u00e7 olup kal\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in de \u00f6mr\u00fc k\u0131sal\u0131yor ve bahardaki yavru bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapam\u0131yor. Ar\u0131lar k\u0131\u015f\u0131n hangi nedenle olursa olsun kovan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Dinlendikleri, baharda kovan\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131 yavru bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kalmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fru ‘Koloni Y\u00f6netimi’ ile ilgili bu \u00f6rnek, bir ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak yararlanmak i\u00e7in bilimsel bilginin geleneksel bilgiyle harmanlanarak yap\u0131lacak modern teknik ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k tarz\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Mu\u011fla\u2019n\u0131n temel \u00fcretim ve ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. K\u00f6ylerin 334\u2019\u00fcnde ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve baz\u0131lar\u0131nda tek ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131. Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6re halk\u0131 i\u00e7in geleneksel ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi ve ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ancak plans\u0131z turizm uygulamalar\u0131, geleneksel yerel aile tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131 ve end\u00fcstriyel ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k tarz\u0131n\u0131n tehdidi alt\u0131nda bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirme s\u00fcrecinde bulundu\u011fu saptand\u0131. Y\u00f6re ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda -bizzat kendi ifadeleriyle- ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131 ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu, ancak \u015fu andaki durumdan nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fka ne yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilemedikleri i\u00e7in var olan durumu bilin\u00e7sizce ve \u00e7aresizce s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenini ise ballar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferinden satamamalar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermektedirler.<\/p>\n

Proje sonucunda, ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en uygun y\u00f6ntemin; Mu\u011fla\u2019n\u0131n her y\u00f6resinin yerel flora ve mikro iklim \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131p, her y\u00f6renin do\u011fal \u00f6zellikleri saptanarak, kimi yerde yerle\u015fik, kimi yerdeyse geleneksel rotalar\u0131 izleyen yerel bir ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k modeli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kald\u0131 ki, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir \u00fcretim modeli, farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relerin farkl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn potansiyellerini esas alarak birbirlerini destekleyece\u011fi bir temelde kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yeni modelin uygulanabilir ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; yeni bir proje kapsam\u0131nda Mu\u011fla\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6relerinin yerel ve geleneksel ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olan \u00fcretimlerini, her y\u00f6rede ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, her y\u00f6renin ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k tarz\u0131 ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin neler olabilece\u011fini, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n her y\u00f6rede di\u011fer ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131yla nas\u0131l ve hangi oranda entegre edilebilece\u011fini saptamak gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

Pazar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim, tar\u0131msal alanlar\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi, sonra da odun i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ormanc\u0131l\u0131k ile turizm ve madencilik faaliyetleri sonucu olan do\u011fa tahribat\u0131, ar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal ortam\u0131n\u0131 yok etmi\u015ftir. Yeni bir proje kapsam\u0131nda, y\u00f6renin do\u011fal ve kaybolmu\u015f floras\u0131 tesbit edilip, yeniden olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal nedenlerle, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirdi\u011fi durumlarda, hangi \u00fcretimin ar\u0131c\u0131 ailesinin ge\u00e7imi sa\u011flamaya devam edebilece\u011fini belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

Kaybolmu\u015f geleneksel k\u00f6yl\u00fc tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00f6nlemlerle bu t\u00fcr \u00fcretimin ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla nas\u0131l entegre edilece\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Sonu\u00e7ta, projenin ba\u015f\u0131nda da dedi\u011fimiz gibi; do\u011fa uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te kendi dengesini kurmu\u015f, ar\u0131 da bu dengeyle uyum i\u00e7inde kendi yolunu izliyor. Biz, insano\u011flu; y\u00fczlerce binlerce par\u00e7an\u0131n yan yana geldi\u011fi, i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, her daim kendili\u011finden bozulan ve yeniden kurulan bu d\u00fczene m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fimiz her seferinde, bu kaotik d\u00fczeni her hizaya sokma giri\u015fimimizde h\u00fcsrana u\u011fruyoruz ve u\u011framaya devam edece\u011fiz. Unutmayal\u0131m ki, bu d\u00fczen biz olmadan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir, ama ne yaz\u0131k ki, biz bu d\u00fczen olmadan var olamay\u0131z. Kendimizi bu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmedik\u00e7e, kurdu\u011fumuz \u2018uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 do\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e ba\u015farmam\u0131z olas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Do\u011fay\u0131 tahrip etmekten vazge\u00e7mek bir yana, do\u011fay\u0131 \u2018koruma\u2019 ve \u2018kurtarma\u2019 misyonu alt\u0131nda gizledi\u011fimiz bu kibirden de kurtulmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fan\u0131n bizim taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan korunmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmeyece\u011fi bir gelecek umuduyla.<\/p>\n

\u015eamil Tuncay Be\u015ftoy<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eamil Tuncay Be\u015ftoy, \u00c7evre ve Ar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi (\u00c7ARIK) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen “Senin de Bir Kovan\u0131n Olsun” projesi, ar\u0131lar ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dair izlenimlerini yazd\u0131. Her kap\u0131 yeni bir d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Ne var ki, bu kez kap\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3079,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,53,18],"tags":[71,230,229],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3075"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3078,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075\/revisions\/3078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}