{"id":3065,"date":"2018-08-11T08:44:49","date_gmt":"2018-08-11T05:44:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=3065"},"modified":"2018-09-04T04:59:39","modified_gmt":"2018-09-04T01:59:39","slug":"turkiyede-surdurulebilir-aricilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/turkiyede-surdurulebilir-aricilik\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye’de S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eamil Tuncay Be\u015ftoy’un (\u00c7evre ve Ar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi – \u00c7ARIK) “T\u00fcrkiye’de S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131s\u0131 Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Gazetesi<\/a>‘nin A\u011fustos 2018 say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sorunlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131 olarak sistemli bir ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011fu, ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n teknik bilgi yetersizli\u011fi, ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131yla m\u00fccadelede yanl\u0131\u015f uygulamalar, yo\u011fun ve yanl\u0131\u015f sentetik kimyasal tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131, b\u00f6lgelere has saf ar\u0131 cinslerinin kaybedilmesi, habitat kayb\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n temelinde ise sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerini kapsayan \u00fclkesel \u00e7apta bir ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131n olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve Ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n Teknik Bilgi yetersizli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de son 20 y\u0131lda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yapan ki\u015fi ve koloni say\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f olsa da, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yeni ba\u015flayan ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n deneyim eksikli\u011fi ve usta-\u00e7\u0131rak ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde aktar\u0131lan yerle\u015fmi\u015f bir ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle, T\u00fcrkiye koloni say\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada 3. s\u0131rada yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, birim koloni ba\u015f\u0131na bal verimi ile di\u011fer ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretiminde d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7ok gerisinde yer al\u0131yor. Bal d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimi de yok denecek kadar az.<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131 Hastal\u0131k Ve Zararl\u0131lar\u0131 ile M\u00fccadele Yetersizli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ar\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131yla ve parazitlerle sentetik kimyasal m\u00fccadele k\u0131sa vadede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckse de, hem balda kal\u0131nt\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131yor, hem de uzun vadede koloniyi zay\u0131flatarak hastal\u0131klara a\u00e7\u0131k hale getiriyor.<\/p>\n

Sentetik Kimyasal Tar\u0131m \u0130la\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bitkisel \u00fcretim yapan i\u015fletmelerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 pestisit ve insektisitler ar\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokan ana unsurlardand\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f ve zamans\u0131z ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fclkemizde her y\u0131l ortalama 120 bin ar\u0131 kolonisinin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilmektedir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde bu y\u0131l, \u00f6zellikle bu nedenle tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131nda neonicotionid i\u00e7eren tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 tamamen yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n tozla\u015fmadaki rollerinin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kalite ve miktar\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcreticileri asl\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendilerine yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Saf Ar\u0131 Cinslerinin Kaybedilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde yayg\u0131n olan kontrols\u00fcz gezgin ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve kontrols\u00fcz ana ar\u0131 \u201cithali\u201d nedeniyle, ar\u0131 t\u00fcrleri kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u0131rka has \u00f6zelliklerini yitirmi\u015f ve verim kayb\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dam\u0131zl\u0131k ar\u0131 \u00fcretiminde cinslerin co\u011frafi ko\u015fullara uygunlu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilmedi\u011finden, g\u00f6nderildikleri b\u00f6lgede verim vermeyebilmekte ve gittikleri b\u00f6lgelerdeki ar\u0131 cinsleriyle kar\u0131\u015farak o b\u00f6lgeye has \u0131rk\u0131 da bozabilmektedir. \u00dcstelik ar\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n verim aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201cithal analar\u201d\u0131n \u00fclkeye ka\u00e7ak giri\u015fine yol a\u00e7arak bu bozulmay\u0131 artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Habitat Kayb\u0131 ve Monok\u00fclt\u00fcrel Tar\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Betonla\u015fma, \u00e7arp\u0131k \u015fehirle\u015fme, do\u011fal alan kayb\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 HES, termik santraller gibi do\u011fal dengeleri de\u011fi\u015ftiren in\u015faatlar ar\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beslendi\u011fi alanlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na sebep oluyor. Monok\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve GDO\u2019lu tohum kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na kovan ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, ar\u0131lar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok bitkiden polen ve nektar almas\u0131 yerine, tek t\u00fcr bitkiyle beslenmesine sebep oluyor. Bu durum ar\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, baldaki enzim kalitesini de olumsuz etkiliyor. \u015eehirlerde a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131rken tek tip a\u011fa\u00e7 ve bitkilerin ekilmesi, ar\u0131lar\u0131n a\u00e7 kalmas\u0131na sebep olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u0131cakl\u0131k ge\u00e7i\u015fleri (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuk veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cak havalar), mevsim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sert iklim olaylar\u0131 (dolu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f, kurakl\u0131k vb) da ar\u0131lar\u0131 olumsuz etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerden.<\/p>\n

Ne Yapmal\u0131?<\/h3>\n

Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi bir konudan s\u00f6z etti\u011fimizde; \u00fcretimden, ar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ekten al\u0131p kovana ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir damla nektardan ba\u015flay\u0131p, t\u00fcketime, tatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir parmak bala uzanan uzun bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten bahsediyoruz demektir. \u2018Nektardan Bala\u2019, \u2018\u00c7i\u00e7ekten Kovana\u2019, \u2018Do\u011fadan \u0130nsana\u2019 giden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7\u2026 Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te insan\u0131n do\u011fayla kurdu\u011fu en dolays\u0131z ili\u015fkilerden biri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Burada, \u00fcretimden t\u00fcketime; bilim ve teknolojiyle sanayi ve ticaret aras\u0131nda kurulan ili\u015fkide, zooloji, botanik, biyoloji, co\u011frafya, sosyoloji, ekonomi, e\u011fitim gibi bilim, ziraat, makine gibi m\u00fchendislik dallar\u0131, devlet ve kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131, birlikler ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir yelpazeden s\u00f6z ederiz.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda; ar\u0131n\u0131n kendisi, nektar ve salg\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitki ve hayvanlar, kovan yap\u0131s\u0131, tipleri ve ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k makine ve ekipmanlar\u0131yla ar\u0131c\u0131 yer al\u0131rken, t\u00fcketim a\u015famas\u0131nda; bal\u0131n ve bal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin toplanmas\u0131, t\u00fcketime haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2018End\u00fcstriyel Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 sistemi sadece ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil; sistemin \u00fcreticiden t\u00fcketiciye, toptanc\u0131dan birliklere ve ila\u00e7 firmalar\u0131ndan akademisyenlere kadar t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerini kapsayan bir sekt\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretimi yapan ar\u0131c\u0131, s\u00fcrecin neredeyse en \u00f6nemsiz par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015f, di\u011fer akt\u00f6rlerin kendisine dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullara uymak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel her \u00fcretim gibi, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k da, tamamen sonu\u00e7, yani \u00fcr\u00fcn, yani bal odakl\u0131 bir \u00fcretim alan\u0131 olmu\u015f; \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin sonucu olan pazarlanabilir ve t\u00fcketilebilir mamul miktar\u0131n\u0131 azamiye \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bu anlay\u0131\u015f sonucunda ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcrecinin di\u011fer a\u015famalar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz ve anlams\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tabii burada bal\u0131 as\u0131l \u00fcreten ar\u0131n\u0131n halini hi\u00e7 sormay\u0131n. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu kaosta ar\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen kimse kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ar\u0131lar\u0131n genetik yap\u0131s\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fmakta, hastal\u0131klar yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta, bal sadece bir ticari meta olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00e7evre koruma bilinci olu\u015fmamakta, yerel ar\u0131 ekotipleri kendi do\u011fal ortamlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, yerel bitkilerin d\u00f6llenmesi yetersiz kalmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcreci tersine d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcp, merkeze ar\u0131y\u0131, ar\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 ve kaliteli bal ve di\u011fer ar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini koyan ve g\u00f6zleme dayanan geleneksel bilgi ile ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara dayanan bilimsel bilgiyi birle\u015ftiren modern koloni ve ar\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimi \u015fu andaki kaostan tek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

(devam edecek\u2026)<\/p>\n

\u015eamil Tuncay Be\u015ftoy<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7evre ve Ar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi – \u00c7ARIK<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eamil Tuncay Be\u015ftoy’un (\u00c7evre ve Ar\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi – \u00c7ARIK) “T\u00fcrkiye’de S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131s\u0131 Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Gazetesi‘nin A\u011fustos 2018 say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sorunlar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sorunlar\u0131 olarak sistemli bir ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011fu, ar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,53,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3065"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3065"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3071,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3065\/revisions\/3071"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}