{"id":300350,"date":"2026-05-22T09:48:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T06:48:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=300350"},"modified":"2026-05-22T09:48:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T06:48:43","slug":"iklim-degisikliginin-golgesinde-topragin-hafizasini-korumak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/iklim-degisikliginin-golgesinde-topragin-hafizasini-korumak\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin G\u00f6lgesinde Topra\u011f\u0131n Haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 Korumak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n, suyun, g\u00fcne\u015fin ve insan\u0131n ortak haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan kadim bir kavram olan teruar; k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n tehdidi alt\u0131nda yeniden anlam kazan\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131: Ahmet Taha Akkoca – Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi \u0130leti\u015fim G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcs\u00fc (Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Bah\u00e7e Bitkileri B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011frencisi)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frans\u0131zcada \u201ctoprak\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen terroir<\/em> bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yeti\u015fti\u011fi co\u011frafyay\u0131, iklimi, topra\u011f\u0131 ve insan\u0131 kapsayan b\u00fct\u00fcnsel bir kimlik kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u011f\u0131n teruar\u0131; o b\u00f6lgenin s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ortalamalar\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131n mineral yap\u0131s\u0131, bak\u0131s\u0131, rak\u0131m\u0131 ve ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lan yerel tar\u0131m bilgisinden olu\u015fur. K\u0131sacas\u0131 teruar, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn neden o yerden geldi\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir \u015fi\u015fe \u015farab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda duydu\u011funuz o kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc koku, i\u00e7ti\u011finizde dama\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kalan mineral tat ya da hafif tuzluluk; t\u00fcm bunlar o ba\u011f\u0131n teruar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fi\u015feye yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden ayn\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit \u00fcz\u00fcmden, farkl\u0131 teruarlarda birbirinden bamba\u015fka \u015faraplar \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teruar hangi \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in neden \u00f6nemli?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teruar kavram\u0131 en yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k ve \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lsa da zeytinya\u011f\u0131, peynir, \u00e7ay ve kahve gibi co\u011frafi k\u00f6kenin belirleyici oldu\u011fu her \u00fcr\u00fcnde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130zmir \u00e7evresinin \u00e7e\u015fitli toprak yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip ba\u011flar\u0131nda yeti\u015fen Bornova Misketi\u2019ne \u00f6zg\u00fc tazelik, b\u00f6lgenin k\u0131y\u0131 iklimiyle \u015fekillenirken, Kapadokya\u2019n\u0131n volkanik t\u00fcf topraklar\u0131 Kalecik Karas\u0131\u2019na mineral bir doku ve derinlik kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teruar, \u00fcreticiler i\u00e7in de bir kimlik ve farkl\u0131la\u015fma arac\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcresel piyasalarda benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalmamak i\u00e7in co\u011frafi i\u015faret almak, o yere \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00fcretim tekniklerini korumak ve t\u00fcketiciyle derin bir hik\u00e2ye ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurmak ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir teruar bilinci ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi’nin savundu\u011fu ekolojik tar\u0131m ilkeleri de \u00f6z\u00fcnde teruara sayg\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor: topra\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mak, onu dinlemek ve onunla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir ba\u011f, topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130klim o haf\u0131zay\u0131 silmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, geriye yaln\u0131zca sessizlik kal\u0131r.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi teruar\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, teruar\u0131n en temel bile\u015fenlerini de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye’de ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar mevsimsel ortalamalar\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d\u00fczeni bozuldu, ilkbahar donlar\u0131 ve yaz kurakl\u0131klar\u0131 daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez bir h\u00e2l ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu de\u011fi\u015fimler \u00f6zellikle ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan somut sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furuyor: Avrupa\u2019daki uzun d\u00f6nemli fenoloji* \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, hasat tarihlerinin son y\u00fczy\u0131lda belirgin bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ne \u00e7ekildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor; benzer e\u011filimler T\u00fcrkiye ba\u011flar\u0131nda da g\u00f6zlemleniyor. Olgunla\u015fman\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 aromatik denge ve asitlik \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 izler b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Hasat d\u00f6neminin kaymas\u0131 geleneksel takvimlerle y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r kurulan uyumu bozuyor; bir k\u0131s\u0131m b\u00f6lge ve \u00e7e\u015fitte meyve kalitesi d\u00fc\u015ferken, baz\u0131 iklim ku\u015faklar\u0131nda daha \u00f6nce yeti\u015femeyen \u00e7e\u015fitler i\u00e7in yeni olanaklar da do\u011fuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n nemi azald\u0131k\u00e7a k\u00f6k sistemleri daha derin katmanlara inmek zorunda kal\u0131yor; bu durum bitkinin su ve besin al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkileyerek tat profili \u00fczerinde dolayl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7abiliyor. Ancak iklim ile mineral al\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki karma\u015f\u0131k ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 aktif ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu oldu\u011fundan, etkilerin y\u00f6n\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00f6lgeden b\u00f6lgeye farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ok de\u011fil, be\u015f on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar nesiller boyu s\u00fcren do\u011fa g\u00f6zlemlerine dayanan halk meteorolojisi, \u00fcretici i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bilgiler sa\u011fl\u0131yordu fakat iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerinin hissedilir \u015fekilde artmas\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve beklenmedik hava olaylar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha s\u0131k ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bug\u00fcnden yar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilecek bir sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretici yeni bir yol bulmak zorunda. Bu yol da iklime uyumlu \u00fcretim modeli ve planlamas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7iyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011fa ve s\u0131ca\u011fa toleransl\u0131 yerel \u00e7e\u015fitler zor iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hayatta kalmay\u0131 daha kolay ba\u015far\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ilk \u015feylerden biri yerli ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlere sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak.<\/strong> Bitkilerin uzun ya\u011f\u0131\u015fs\u0131z d\u00f6nemlere dayanabilmesi i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma kapasitesini art\u0131rmak<\/strong> gerek. Kompost, \u00f6rt\u00fc bitkisi ve topra\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca az i\u015fleyerek topra\u011f\u0131n organik madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 bu sayede de su tutma kapasitesi art\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi beklenmedik durumlar yaratmakla birlikte her iklim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc var, do\u011fal olaylar\u0131 izlemek ve kayd\u0131n\u0131 tutmak<\/strong> de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve hasat zamanlar\u0131na dair yeni bir rehber olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim stresi ortak bir sorun ve t\u00fcm ortak sorunlar gibi dayan\u0131\u015fma ve i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle belirsizli\u011fin  \u00fczerimizdeki bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hafifletebiliriz. \u00dcretici a\u011flar\u0131 kurarak ya da olanlara kat\u0131larak deneyimlerimizi, tohumlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, olanaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve tabii endi\u015felerimizi payla\u015farak zor zamanlar\u0131 daha kolay atlatabiliriz.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klime uyum ve adil ge\u00e7i\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda idari kararlar almay\u0131 gerektiren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla politika yap\u0131c\u0131lardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Bireyler, kurumlar ya da sivil toplum olarak bu s\u00fcrece dahil olabilir, co\u011frafi i\u015faret mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesini talep edebilir, iklim uyum destekleri, tar\u0131msal sigorta sistemleri, m\u00fc\u015ftereklerin korunmas\u0131 gibi konularda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131na destek verebiliriz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Topra\u011f\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n mineraller, organik maddeler, mikroorganizmalar, hava ve su gibi bile\u015fenlerden olu\u015ftu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, biz bu haf\u0131zay\u0131 silmeye iklim krizinin etkilerini hen\u00fcz hissetmedi\u011fimiz zamanlarda ba\u015flad\u0131k. \u00dcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131nda toprak derin i\u015flenmese de pek \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r tar\u0131m makineleri ile topra\u011f\u0131 alt \u00fcst ederek, kimyasal g\u00fcbrelerle yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bozup tar\u0131m zehirleriyle biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini yok ederek sadece haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 da elinden ald\u0131k.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015e\u00fck\u00fcr ki bu karanl\u0131kta yolumuzu bulmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacak pusula ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa sahibiz: Kadim \u00fcretim bilgisini ve farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re evrilmi\u015f yerel \u00e7e\u015fitlerimizi hen\u00fcz yitirmedik, \u00fcstelik art\u0131k teknoloji ve bilimden yararlanma \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z da var. Topra\u011f\u0131 onar\u0131p zor ko\u015fullara dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racak agroekolojik \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerini benimseyerek, iklim krizine duyarl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlerini \u0131slah programlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yerel t\u00fcrlerle bulu\u015fturarak; teruar’\u0131 yeniden in\u015fa edebilir ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alabiliriz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Fenoloji, do\u011fal olaylar\u0131n tekrar etme zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilim dal\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Topra\u011f\u0131n, suyun, g\u00fcne\u015fin ve insan\u0131n ortak haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan kadim bir kavram olan teruar; k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n tehdidi alt\u0131nda yeniden anlam kazan\u0131yor. Yaz\u0131: Ahmet Taha Akkoca – Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi \u0130leti\u015fim G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcs\u00fc (Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Bah\u00e7e Bitkileri…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":300352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1538,804,38,53,18,41,30],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300350"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=300350"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":300354,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300350\/revisions\/300354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/300352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=300350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=300350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=300350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}