{"id":300316,"date":"2026-05-22T09:48:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T06:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=300316"},"modified":"2026-05-22T09:48:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T06:48:08","slug":"pestisit-toksisitesi-artiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/pestisit-toksisitesi-artiyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Pestisit Toksisitesi Art\u0131yor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in (BM) 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in koydu\u011fu iddial\u0131 hedefi duymu\u015f olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z: Tar\u0131mda pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u00e7evresel riskleri %50 oran\u0131nda azaltmak. Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde net ve ula\u015f\u0131labilir g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu hedef, Science dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re ne yaz\u0131k ki ters y\u00f6ne do\u011fru ilerliyor. Jakob Wolfram ve Ralf Schulz liderli\u011findeki ekip taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte uygulanan pestisitlerin toplam toksisitesi (zehirlilik miktar\u0131) san\u0131lan\u0131n aksine artm\u0131\u015f durumda.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><em>Yaz\u0131: Jakob Wolfram, Ralf Schulz | \u00c7eviri: B\u00fc\u015fra Demircan \u2013 Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi \u0130leti\u015fim G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, pestisitlerin sadece kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, ekosisteme verdikleri potansiyel zarar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in <strong>Toplam Uygulanan Toksisite (TAT)<\/strong> adl\u0131 yeni bir metrik geli\u015ftirdiler. 2013-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki verileri inceleyen ekip, 625 farkl\u0131 aktif maddeyi ve bunlar\u0131n bal\u0131klar, tozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar (ar\u0131lar), toprak canl\u0131lar\u0131 ve karasal b\u00f6cekler gibi sekiz ana canl\u0131 grubu \u00fczerindeki etkilerini analiz etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar olduk\u00e7a endi\u015fe verici:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Karasal B\u00f6cekler:<\/strong> Bu grup i\u00e7in TAT her y\u0131l %6,4 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131. Bu, sadece 7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde %50&#8217;ye yak\u0131n bir art\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Toprak Canl\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ekosistemin temeli olan bu canl\u0131lar \u00fczerindeki toksisite bask\u0131s\u0131 %30\u2019dan fazla artt\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Temel Nedenler:<\/strong> Bu y\u00fckseli\u015fin arkas\u0131nda hem tar\u0131m arazilerinin geni\u015flemesi\/yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 hem de kullan\u0131lan ila\u00e7lar\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle b\u00f6cek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin) birim ba\u015f\u0131na daha zehirli hale gelmesi yat\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En \u00e7ok kimler risk alt\u0131nda?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re karasal b\u00f6cekler, toprak organizmalar\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 su bal\u0131klar\u0131 en \u00e7ok etkilenen gruplar aras\u0131nda. Ku\u015flar ve memeliler gibi gruplarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen hafif iyile\u015fmeler, genel tablodaki karamsarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gidermeye yetmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dikkat \u00e7ekici bir bulgu ise \u015fu: K\u00fcresel toksisitenin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan sadece <strong>20 aktif madde<\/strong> sorumlu. Bu, asl\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha yak\u0131n olabilece\u011fini; t\u00fcm pestisitleri bir anda yasaklamak yerine en zararl\u0131 olanlar\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131n bile devasa bir fark yarataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brezilya, \u00c7in, ABD ve Hindistan k\u00fcresel toksisiteye en \u00e7ok katk\u0131da bulunan \u00fclkeler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00dcr\u00fcn baz\u0131nda bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise; meyve, sebze, m\u0131s\u0131r, soya ve pirin\u00e7 \u00fcretimi, toplam uygulanan toksisitenin yakla\u015f\u0131k %80\u2019inden sorumlu. Yani ne yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fimiz, ne kadar ila\u00e7lama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadar \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130yi haber, h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fczeltebiliriz!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karamsar tabloya ra\u011fmen umut verici \u00f6rnekler de var. \u015eili, \u00c7in, Japonya ve Venezuela gibi \u00fclkeler bu d\u00f6nemde uygulanan toksisiteyi azaltmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu da BM hedeflerine ula\u015fman\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Ancak Almanya dahil pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke i\u00e7in yol h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok engebeli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Daha az toksik aktif maddelere ge\u00e7i\u015f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Organik tar\u0131m ve agroekolojik y\u00f6ntemlerin<\/strong> ana ak\u0131m haline getirilmesi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bilimin rehberlik edebilmesi i\u00e7in daha \u015feffaf veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve izleme sistemleri.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00fcketicilerin daha bilin\u00e7li kararlar vermesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Referanslar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ana Makale:<\/strong> Wolfram, J., Bussen, D., Bub, S., Petschick, L. L., Herrmann, L. Z., &amp; Schulz, R. (2026). <em>Increasing applied pesticide toxicity trends counteract the global reduction target to safeguard biodiversity.<\/em> <strong>Science<\/strong>. [Link: science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aea8602]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kurumsal \u0130leti\u015fim:<\/strong> RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau, \u00c7evre Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (iES Landau).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ek Bilgi:<\/strong> Science bas\u0131n paketi ve EurekAlert \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n detaylar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in (BM) 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in koydu\u011fu iddial\u0131 hedefi duymu\u015f olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z: Tar\u0131mda pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u00e7evresel riskleri %50 oran\u0131nda azaltmak. Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde net ve ula\u015f\u0131labilir g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu hedef, Science dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":300317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[804,54,38,53,280,1461,18,716,91,25],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300316"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=300316"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":300319,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/300316\/revisions\/300319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/300317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=300316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=300316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=300316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}