Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (OGM) 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran sonu istatistiklerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde orman yang\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7en senenin ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine k\u0131yasla 2,2 kat, yanan orman alan\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise 7,2 kat artt\u0131. OGM verilerine g\u00f6re bu y\u0131l\u0131n ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda 1256 orman yang\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yang\u0131nlar\u0131n; biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin zarar g\u00f6rmesi, atmosferdeki karbon dengesinin bozulmas\u0131, orman sakinlerinin ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131, canl\u0131 ve cans\u0131z \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131yla erozyon, sel, ta\u015fk\u0131n ve hava kirlili\u011finin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok etkisi var. Bu nedenle orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi kadar yang\u0131na diren\u00e7li alanlar olu\u015fturmak da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olumsuz etkilerin en az seviyeye indirilmesinde hayli \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadelede, \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nlar\u0131n erken tespiti, erken m\u00fcdahale ile k\u0131sa zamanda s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine odaklan\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa ya\u015fanan deneyimler g\u00f6sterdi ki, yang\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak ve h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engelleyecek tedbirler almak yang\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 en etkili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcretim Ekonomisi Derne\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Diren\u00e7li \u00dcretim Modelleri Projesi, orman yang\u0131n\u0131 riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan Ege ve Akdeniz B\u00f6lgelerinde, do\u011faya ve insana dost \u00fcretim yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcreticilerin yang\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale gelmesine ve \u00fcreticilerin bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Proje, yang\u0131n riski alt\u0131ndaki \u00fcreticileri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek \u00fcreticilerle ve uzmanlarla birlikte \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgi, belge ve deneyimi derleyerek iyi ve diren\u00e7li \u00f6rneklerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Diren\u00e7li \u00fcretim Rehberi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Proje kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve uzmanlardan al\u0131nan dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131klar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Diren\u00e7li \u00dcretim Rehberi haz\u0131rland\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Diren\u00e7li \u00dcretim Modelleri Projesi kapsam\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ve Berk Butan, Duru Uslu, Oya Ayman, Prof.Dr. Tuncay Neyi\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Diren\u00e7li \u00dcretim Rehberi, orman i\u00e7inde veya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda \u00fcretim yapan \u00fcreticilere orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na diren\u00e7li hale gelmelerinde k\u0131lavuz olmas\u0131, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadeleye dahil olan herkese \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rland\u0131. Rehber, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na dair temel bilgilere, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na diren\u00e7li \u00fcretim modelleri olu\u015fturabilmek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilecek iyi uygulamalara yer veriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022 \u015eubat\u0131nda IPCC taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi 2022: Etkiler, Uyum ve K\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k\u201d raporuna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Avrupa’n\u0131n en k\u0131r\u0131lgan \u00fclkesi. Orman alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczde 66\u2019s\u0131nda y\u0131lda 6\u2019dan fazla yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 15 milyon hektarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 yang\u0131na \u00e7ok hassas. 1937\u2019den 2022 sonuna kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de toplam 119 bin 894 adet orman yang\u0131n\u0131 meydana geldi. Bu 85 y\u0131lda toplam 1 milyon 864 bin 275 hektar alan yand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Diren\u00e7li \u00dcretim Rehberinde yer alan verilere g\u00f6re 2012-2022 aras\u0131ndaki verilere g\u00f6re, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n %34\u2019l\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ihmal, dikkatsizlik ve kaza, %5\u2018lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kas\u0131t, % 12\u2019l\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc do\u011fal nedenlerden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise (%49) \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedeni belirlenemedi. \u0130statistikler orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n %12\u2019sinin y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmesinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koysa da bu veri, \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6stergelerde ge\u00e7erli. Yanan alanlar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %99\u2019u ihmal, kas\u0131t ve kaza gibi insan faaliyetlerinden kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 2022\u2019de ihmal ve dikkatsizlik sonucu \u00e7\u0131kan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n %10,5\u2019u an\u0131z yakma %6,9\u2019u \u00e7oban ate\u015fi, %6\u2019s\u0131 sigara ate\u015fi ve %1,4\u2019\u00fc ise piknik ate\u015finden kaynakland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Proje dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131ndan Bu\u011fday Ekolojik Ya\u015fam\u0131 Destekleme Derne\u011fi Strateji Kurulu \u00dcyesi Oya Ayman, orman alanlar\u0131nda artan insan faaliyetlerinin yang\u0131nlar\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l nedeni oldu\u011funa vurgu yap\u0131yor: \u201cYanan alanlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 99\u2019unun nedeni insan faaliyetleri. Son zamanlarda insan faaliyetlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan elektrik hatlar\u0131 da yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedenlerinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutuyor. Bu nedenle orman k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yang\u0131na diren\u00e7li hale getirilmesi, bunun yasal altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve elektrik hatlar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ihmal edilmemesi gerekiyor. T\u00fcretim Ekonomisi Derne\u011fi\u2019nin diren\u00e7li sistemlere ili\u015fkin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap\u00e7\u0131k, orman k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya da i\u00e7indeki ya\u015fam ve \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n diren\u00e7li hale getirilmesi konusunda rehber oluyor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Oya Ayman, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni kesim alanlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan gen\u00e7 ormanlar\u0131n yang\u0131na diren\u00e7 konusunda ya\u015fl\u0131 ormanlardan daha zay\u0131f oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: \u201cYang\u0131n yan\u0131c\u0131 madde bulamazsa ilerleyemez. Oysa yere yak\u0131n dallar\u0131, neredeyse birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f s\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 ile gen\u00e7 ormanlar yan\u0131c\u0131 madde y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131yor. Y\u00fcksek yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip i\u011fne yaprakl\u0131 ormanlarda yan\u0131c\u0131 madde birikiminin kontroll\u00fc bi\u00e7imde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, yang\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, orman k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u00e7indeki tesislerle orman bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc aras\u0131nda tampon yollar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, yan\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve yaprakl\u0131 bitkiler dikilmesi gibi \u00f6nlemler yang\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek tedbirler aras\u0131nda\u2026 Ama en \u00f6nemlisi orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tahrip edicili\u011fi konusunda kamuoyunun daha fazla bilgilenmesi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm konusunda kat\u0131\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n