{"id":291248,"date":"2023-06-21T13:36:22","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T10:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=291248"},"modified":"2023-06-21T13:36:23","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T10:36:23","slug":"iklim-degisikligi-agaclarin-buyume-seklini-degistiriyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/iklim-degisikligi-agaclarin-buyume-seklini-degistiriyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u015feklini de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerdeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminden faydalan\u0131yor. Daha uzun bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi, daha kal\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkalar\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel olarak daha y\u00fcksek ah\u015fap \u00fcretimine yol a\u00e7ar. Ancak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar uzun b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimlerinin a\u011fac\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131na sebep oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu da a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yap\u0131sal olarak daha zay\u0131f olmas\u0131na neden oluyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fa\u00e7lar daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in odun yo\u011funlu\u011fu son y\u00fczy\u0131lda %8-12 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. Daha zay\u0131f oduna sahip a\u011fa\u00e7lar daha az karbon depolayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bu durum ormanlar\u0131n karbon depolama kapasitesi \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Bu durum, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131na daha az dayanabilecekleri i\u00e7in ormanlar\u0131n gelece\u011fi \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkilere de neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar artt\u0131k\u00e7a, daha so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerdeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar daha uzun bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminden faydalan\u0131yor. Daha uzun bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi, daha kal\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkalar\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 olarak daha y\u00fcksek toplam odun \u00fcretimi ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, daha uzun b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimlerinin ah\u015fab\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 yap\u0131sal olarak daha zay\u0131f hale getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli ah\u015fap, g\u00f6vdelerin daha kolay k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gelece\u011finin haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve de\u011fi\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin \u00fcretilen ah\u015fab\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini nas\u0131l belirledi\u011fini analiz etmek i\u00e7in mevcut son bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 inceleyelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ah\u015fap nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odun, a\u011fa\u00e7lardaki h\u00fccrelerin – ksilem h\u00fccreleri – a\u015famal\u0131 olarak birikmesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu birikimin amac\u0131 \u00f6zsu ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemini yenilemek ve g\u00f6vde (g\u00f6vde), dallar ve yapraklar i\u00e7in mekanik destek sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir a\u011fa\u00e7 halkas\u0131, \u0131l\u0131man ve boreal ortamlarda ilkbahardan sonbahara kadar s\u00fcren bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Her y\u0131l yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkas\u0131 olu\u015fur. Bir halkan\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u011faca \u00f6zg\u00fc fakt\u00f6rlerin (t\u00fcr\u00fc ve genetik fakt\u00f6rler) ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rlerin (toprak t\u00fcr\u00fc, g\u00fcne\u015fe maruz kalma, iklim ve kom\u015fu a\u011fa\u00e7lar aras\u0131ndaki rekabet gibi) bir kombinasyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde, \u00f6zellikle kozalakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7larda, halkalar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rt etmek olduk\u00e7a kolay olabilir. Bunun nedeni, b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi boyunca a\u011fac\u0131n farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7im ve i\u015flevlere sahip h\u00fccrelerle karakterize edilen iki t\u00fcr odun \u00fcretmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lkbaharda a\u011fa\u00e7, ince bir h\u00fccre duvar\u0131na sahip \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00fcy\u00fck, a\u00e7\u0131k renkli h\u00fccre \u00fcretir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k halkan\u0131n bu k\u0131sm\u0131na “erken odun” denir. Yaz sonunda b\u00fcy\u00fcme yava\u015flar. H\u00fccreler k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr, ancak duvarlar\u0131 kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Bu “ge\u00e7 odun” y\u0131ll\u0131k halkan\u0131n daha koyu renkli k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ah\u015fap h\u00fccrelerinin \u00f6zellikleri \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir ve ekolojik ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi \u00e7ekmektedir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, ah\u015fap h\u00fccre duvarlar\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7lar taraf\u0131ndan atmosferden \u00f6z\u00fcmsenen karbonun \u00e7o\u011funu depolar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, daha kal\u0131n bir h\u00fccre duvar\u0131, a\u011fac\u0131n daha fazla miktarda karbon emdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u0130kinci olarak, erken odun h\u00fccrelerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7 odun h\u00fccrelerine oran\u0131 ah\u015fab\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla potansiyel kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve maddi de\u011ferini belirler.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fa\u00e7lar daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Kuzey Amerika ve Avrupa’n\u0131n \u0131l\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerinde, a\u011fa\u00e7lar bir \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131la g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 77’ye varan oranlarda daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu art\u0131\u015f, daha kal\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretilmesiyle ilgilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme daha y\u00fcksek biyok\u00fctle \u00fcretimi olarak yorumlanabilir, bu da daha y\u00fcksek bir karbon depolama kapasitesine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadeleye daha fazla katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, daha y\u00fcksek bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131, farkl\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in daha fazla odunun mevcut olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak William Shakespeare’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi: “\u00c7o\u011fu zaman beklentiler bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman da vaat ettikleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez.”
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u011fa\u00e7lar daha gen\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almanya’daki M\u00fcnih Teknik \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, son y\u00fczy\u0131lda a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 ve odunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri analiz edildi. B\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, ah\u015fab\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funun y\u00fczde sekiz ila 12 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc buldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca, ah\u015fap yo\u011funlu\u011fu azald\u0131k\u00e7a karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi de yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 50 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. Bu da a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n atmosferden daha az karbondioksit (CO2) \u00e7ekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atmosferik karbonu emme ve depolama kapasitesinin azalmas\u0131na ek olarak, ah\u015fap yo\u011funlu\u011funun azalmas\u0131 g\u00f6vdelerin yap\u0131sal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatabilir. Ah\u015fap, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 destekleme gibi \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flevi yerine getirir. Bu nedenle yo\u011funlu\u011funun azalmas\u0131, r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan veya dik yama\u00e7lardaki yer\u00e7ekimi etkisinden kaynaklanabilecek mekanik gerilimlere kar\u015f\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir direnci de beraberinde getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fleri daha da karma\u015f\u0131k hale getirmek i\u00e7in, yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma a\u011fa\u00e7larda b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir: h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen a\u011fa\u00e7lar daha k\u0131sa bir ya\u015fam beklentisine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcme yeterli de\u011fil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, balsam g\u00f6knar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi uzunlu\u011fu, verimlilik ve odun h\u00fccresi \u00f6zellikleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, daha uzun bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimine sahip a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n daha fazla odun h\u00fccresi ve daha kal\u0131n bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkas\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fini do\u011frulad\u0131. Bununla birlikte, daha y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcme, erken odun ve ge\u00e7 odun miktar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki orandaki bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi uzunlu\u011funun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7lar bir h\u00fccre daha fazla erken odun \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erken odun ve ge\u00e7 odun aras\u0131ndaki orandaki art\u0131\u015f, odun yo\u011funlu\u011fundaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu da hacim b\u00fcy\u00fcmesindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n mutlaka daha y\u00fcksek biyok\u00fctle \u00fcretimine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 gelecekte neler bekliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k, sanayi \u00f6ncesi ortalamay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,15\u00b0C (1850-1900) a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha da artmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimini uzatabilir ve sonu\u00e7 olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu durum bir yandan ormanlar\u0131n k\u00fcresel olarak geni\u015flemesine yol a\u00e7abilirken, di\u011fer yandan ormanlardan karbon al\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadeleye \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olsa da, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, k\u00fcresel de\u011fi\u015fimi tetikleyen nedenler \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan harekete ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyece\u011finin bir ba\u015fka kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ba\u011flam\u0131nda, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya neden olan insan kaynakl\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fczakere etmeyi veya ertelemeyi g\u00f6ze alabilece\u011fimiz bir konu de\u011fildir.G<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviren:<\/strong> \u00d6zlem G\u00fcrtunca<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/strong>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u015feklini de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Peki nas\u0131l? <\/a>Roberto Silvestro, Sergio Rossi, World Economic Forum <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf<\/strong>: Abigail Keenan, Unsplash
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerdeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsiminden faydalan\u0131yor. Daha uzun bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimi, daha kal\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme halkalar\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel olarak daha y\u00fcksek ah\u015fap \u00fcretimine yol a\u00e7ar. Ancak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar uzun b\u00fcy\u00fcme mevsimlerinin…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":291249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280,800],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291248"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=291248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":291250,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/291248\/revisions\/291250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/291249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=291248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=291248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=291248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}