{"id":288748,"date":"2022-12-21T13:00:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T10:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=288748"},"modified":"2022-12-21T12:53:42","modified_gmt":"2022-12-21T09:53:42","slug":"gelecek-pandemi-buzullarin-erimesinden-kaynaklanabilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/gelecek-pandemi-buzullarin-erimesinden-kaynaklanabilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelecek pandemi buzullar\u0131n erimesinden kaynaklanabilir\ufeff"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bulgular; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar artt\u0131k\u00e7a, buzullarda ve donmu\u015f toprakta hapsolmu\u015f vir\u00fcs ve bakterilerin yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131karak yerel yaban hayat\u0131 enfekte etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de kutuplarda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni verilere g\u00f6re bir sonraki pandemi yarasa ya da ku\u015flardan de\u011fil, eriyen buzullardan gelebilir. Kuzey Kutbu g\u00f6l\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan analiz, buzda kilitli kalan vir\u00fcs ve bakterilerin yeniden uyanarak yaban hayat\u0131 enfekte edebilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcksek Arktik tatl\u0131 su g\u00f6l\u00fc olan Hazen G\u00f6l\u00fc’ndeki toprak ve g\u00f6l tortular\u0131n\u0131n genetik analizi, bir vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yeni bir konak\u00e7\u0131ya ilk kez bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 viral yay\u0131lma riskinin eriyen buzullara yak\u0131n yerlerde daha y\u00fcksek olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sibirya<\/a>‘n\u0131n kuzeyinde bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7an ve en az yedi ki\u015fiye daha bula\u015fan \u015farbon salg\u0131n\u0131, donmu\u015f topraklar\u0131 eriten ve enfekte bir ren geyi\u011fi le\u015fini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan bir s\u0131cak hava dalgas\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgedeki son salg\u0131n 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donmu\u015f vir\u00fcslerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in Dr. St\u00e9phane Aris-Brosou ve Kanada Ottawa \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki meslekta\u015flar\u0131, yerel buzullardan eriyen suyun akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hazen G\u00f6l\u00fc’nden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, orta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda toprak ve tortu \u00f6rnekleri toplad\u0131.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilinen vir\u00fcslerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra potansiyel hayvan, bitki veya mantar konak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan e\u015fle\u015fen imzalar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in bu \u00f6rneklerdeki RNA ve DNA’y\u0131 s\u0131ralayarak bu vir\u00fcslerin ilgisiz organizma gruplar\u0131na bula\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren bir algoritma \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/a>‘de yay\u0131nlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma, vir\u00fcslerin yeni konak\u00e7\u0131lara yay\u0131lma riskinin, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda buzul erime suyunun akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere yak\u0131n yerlerde daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve buzullar eridik\u00e7e  bu olas\u0131l\u0131k art\u0131yor. 
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekip, tespit ettikleri vir\u00fcslerin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nce bilinmedi\u011fini \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki aylarda \u00f6l\u00e7meyi planlasa da bu vir\u00fcslerin bir enfeksiyonu tetikleyip tetikleyemeyece\u011fini hen\u00fcz de\u011ferlendirmedi.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan ba\u015fka ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bilinmeyen vir\u00fcslerin buzul buzunda dola\u015fabilece\u011fini ve dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD’deki Ohio Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi’nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00c7in’deki Tibet platosundan<\/a> al\u0131nan buz \u00f6rneklerinde 28’i yeni 33 vir\u00fcse ait genetik materyal bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar<\/a>. Bulunduklar\u0131 yere g\u00f6re vir\u00fcslerin yakla\u015f\u0131k 15.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyordu.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa’n\u0131n Aix-Marseille Ulusal Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi’ndeki bilim insanlar\u0131, Sibirya permafrostundan izole ettikleri dev bir vir\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a> canland\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fararak 30.000 y\u0131l sonra ilk kez yeniden bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hale getirdiler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yazar\u0131 Jean-Michel Claverie o d\u00f6nemde BBC’ye verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te, bu t\u00fcr buz katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n “felakete davetiye \u00e7\u0131karmak” anlam\u0131na gelebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine de Aris-Brosou’nun ekibi, y\u00fcksek bir yay\u0131lma riski \u00f6ng\u00f6rmenin ger\u00e7ek yay\u0131lmalar\u0131 veya pandemileri \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekle ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek  \u015fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savundular: “Vir\u00fcsler ve onlar\u0131n ‘k\u00f6pr\u00fc vekt\u00f6rleri’ \u00e7evrede e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, dramatik olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtemelen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalacakt\u0131r.”
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin mevcut t\u00fcrlerin yay\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fi ve potansiyel olarak yeni konak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 eski vir\u00fcsler veya bakterilerle temas ettirece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aris-Brosou, “G\u00fcvenle ortaya koyabilece\u011fimiz tek \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m; s\u0131cakl\u0131klar artt\u0131k\u00e7a, yay\u0131lma riskinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.” diyor. “Bu durum salg\u0131nlara yol a\u00e7acak m\u0131? Bunu kesinlikle bilmiyoruz.”
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hazen G\u00f6l\u00fc’nde belirlenen konak\u00e7\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme potansiyelinin g\u00f6l \u00e7\u00f6keltileri i\u00e7inde benzersiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da belirsiz. Aberystwyth \u00dcniversitesi Disiplinleraras\u0131 \u00c7evresel Mikrobiyoloji Merkezi Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Arwyn Edwards, “T\u00fcm bildi\u011fimiz, yerel g\u00f6letinizdeki \u00e7amurdan gelen vir\u00fcslerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu konak\u00e7\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 olabilir.” dedi.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, “Bu riskleri ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde anlamak i\u00e7in gezegenimizin her yerindeki mikrobiyal d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 acilen ke\u015ffetmemiz gerekiyor.” dedi. “Art\u0131k iki \u015fey \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Birincisi, Kuzey Kutbu h\u0131zla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yor ve insanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik en b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler bunun iklimimiz \u00fczerindeki etkisinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u0130kincisi, ba\u015fka yerlerden gelen hastal\u0131klar Kuzey Kutbu’nun hassas topluluklar\u0131na ve ekosistemlerine giriyor.”
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviren:<\/strong> Defne \u00d6zegemen<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: Gelecek pandemi buzullar\u0131n erimesinden kaynaklanabilir<\/a><\/strong>,  Linda Geddes, The Guardian <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf<\/strong>: Donald Slater\/University of Edinburgh\/PA
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bulgular; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar artt\u0131k\u00e7a, buzullarda ve donmu\u015f toprakta hapsolmu\u015f vir\u00fcs ve bakterilerin yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131karak yerel yaban hayat\u0131 enfekte etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de kutuplarda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Yeni verilere g\u00f6re bir sonraki pandemi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":288749,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,800],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288748"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=288748"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":288769,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288748\/revisions\/288769"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/288749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=288748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=288748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=288748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}