{"id":286079,"date":"2022-08-09T11:15:12","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T08:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=286079"},"modified":"2022-08-09T11:15:17","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T08:15:17","slug":"tarim-zehirlerinde-rekor-artis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/tarim-zehirlerinde-rekor-artis\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131m zehirlerinde rekor art\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tar\u0131m zehirleri sebebiyle 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nden T\u00fcrkiye kaynakl\u0131 259 bildirim yap\u0131ld\u0131. G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir gelecek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden Zehirsiz Sofralar Platformu, Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan sorumlu ve \u00f6nlemini ba\u015ftan alan bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla y\u00f6netim bekliyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pestisit, yani tar\u0131m zehiri kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 sebebiyle 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00fclkelerinden yap\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye kaynakl\u0131 372 bildirim ile, \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak rekor k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise bu bildirimlerin say\u0131s\u0131 259\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131. Kal\u0131nt\u0131 bildirimlerindeki art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimi, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l k\u0131r\u0131lan rekorun da a\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. \u00dcstelik bildirimlere g\u00f6re yasakl\u0131 madde tespiti de h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu veriler, gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, denetimlerin yeterli ve uygun bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, pestisit kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 konusunda i\u00e7 pazarda denetimler yap\u0131yor. Ancak denetim sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n taklit ve ta\u011f\u015fi\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesinle\u015fen g\u0131dalarda oldu\u011fu gibi \u015feffafl\u0131kla payla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve ihra\u00e7 edilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde pestisit kaynakl\u0131 bildirimlerin artmas\u0131, i\u00e7 pazara sunulan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde daha fazla pestisit bulunabilece\u011fine dair t\u00fcketicilerde endi\u015fe yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tespit edilen pestisitler endi\u015fe verici<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

AB G\u0131da ve Yemler i\u00e7in H\u0131zl\u0131 Alarm Sistemi (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed-RASFF), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ihra\u00e7 edilen limon, greyfurt, biber, mandalina, portakal, nar, asma yapra\u011f\u0131, ayva, domates, karpuz, maydanoz, \u00fcz\u00fcm, armut, kabak, patl\u0131can, ye\u015fil fasulye ve ke\u00e7i boynuzu zamk\u0131nda limit \u00fcst\u00fc pestisit kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 tespit etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1.  T\u00fcrkiye Men\u015feli Bildirim Yap\u0131lan \u00dcr\u00fcnler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

AB\u2019nin tespit etti\u011fi baz\u0131 pestisit aktif maddelerin, ABD \u00c7evre Koruma Ajans\u0131 (Environmental Protection Agency-EPA) ve Uluslararas\u0131 Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Ajans\u0131 (The International Agency for Research on Cancer-IARC) taraf\u0131ndan muhtemel kanserojen ve AB ve Japon Kimyasallar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Etiketlenmesi i\u00e7in K\u00fcresel Uyumluluk Sistemi (GHS) taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa, \u00fcreme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozukluklar\u0131na ve kansere neden oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca, GHS taraf\u0131ndan solundu\u011funda \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl etkilere yol a\u00e7an, toprak ve su i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek derecede toksik oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanan ve EPA taraf\u0131ndan ar\u0131lar i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilen maddeler de bu pestisitler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 2. RASFF Bildirimlerinde Tespit Edilen Baz\u0131 Pestisitlerin Yol A\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 Etkiler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u0131\u015f pazarda itibar kayb\u0131, i\u00e7 pazarda endi\u015fe hakim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa Komisyonu, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen limon, ye\u015fil biber, nar ve asma yapra\u011f\u0131nda tespit edilen tar\u0131m zehirleri sebebiyle bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin daha s\u0131k analiz edilmesine karar verdi. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim potansiyeli y\u00fcksek olan T\u00fcrkiye, ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde pestisit kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ortaya konmas\u0131 ile ticari itibar\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

AB RASFF portal\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na ili\u015fkin raporun tehlike ve \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmesinde, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda en \u00e7ok bildirim yap\u0131lan 10 konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 3\u2019\u00fcnde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ad\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Bu bildirimlerin sebebinin 190 parti meyve ve sebzede pestisit, 58 parti meyve ve sebzede aflatoksin ve 38 parti tohum, kabuklu yemi\u015f ve t\u00fcrevi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde aflatoksin tespiti oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 2022\u2019nin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, limit \u00fcst\u00fc pestisit kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 tespit edilen meyve ve sebze say\u0131s\u0131 249 ile 2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakanl\u0131k yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Bilgi Sistemi\u2019ne (GGBS), \u00fclke genelindeki t\u00fcm g\u0131da ve yem i\u015fletmeleri, bu i\u015fletmelere y\u00f6nelik denetimler, al\u0131nan numuneler, numunelerin analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, i\u015fletmelere uygulanan idari cezalar, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, ithalat ve ihracat kay\u0131tlar\u0131 gibi bilgiler giriliyor. Ancak, bu bilgiler halk\u0131n eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fil. Avrupa\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de GGBS verilerinin halk\u0131n eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eden Zehirsiz Sofralar Platformu, son d\u00f6nemde rekor seviyeye ula\u015fan kal\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ili\u015fkin halk\u0131n endi\u015felerinin giderilmesi gerekti\u011fini vurguluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTar\u0131m zehirlerine mahk\u00fbm de\u011filiz\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Sofralar Platformu \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren Pestisit Eylem A\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm canl\u0131lara zarar veren pestisitlerin yasaklanmas\u0131 ve do\u011fa dostu \u00fcreticilerin desteklenmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zehirsiz Kampanya\u2019ya (Change.org\/ZehirsizSofralar<\/a>) bug\u00fcne kadar 170 bini a\u015fk\u0131n ki\u015fi imza deste\u011fi verdi. Kampanya sayesinde pestisitlerin zararlar\u0131 konusunda kamuoyunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k yarat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, AB ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde 200\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde, kampanya d\u00f6neminde ise 27 pestisit aktif maddesinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Ancak kampanya talepleri aras\u0131nda yer alan, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cson derece tehlikeli\u201d, \u201cy\u00fcksek seviyede tehlikeli\u201d ve \u201cmuhtemel kanserojen\u201d olarak belirledi\u011fi 13 aktif maddeden 9\u2019u h\u00e2l\u00e2 yasaklanmad\u0131. Bu\u011fday Derne\u011fi G\u0131da Y\u00fcksek M\u00fchendisi Merve At\u0131n\u00e7, \u00fclkemiz tar\u0131m\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131lan 9 pestisit aktif madde ile birlikte, ba\u015fta bebeklerin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hormon sistemine zarar veren, havay\u0131, suyu ve topra\u011f\u0131 kirleten pestisitlerin ivedilikle yasaklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131 g\u0131das\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu alarak kampanyaya destek olmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan, Pestisit Eylem A\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cZehirsiz Sofralar \u0130\u00e7in Yol Haritas\u0131<\/a>\u201d metnini dikkate almas\u0131n\u0131 talep ettiklerini belirten At\u0131n\u00e7, \u201cTar\u0131m zehirlerine mahk\u00fbm de\u011filiz. D\u00fcnyada ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pek \u00e7ok \u00e7ift\u00e7i zehirsiz g\u0131da \u00fcretiyor. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir gelecek i\u00e7in daha fazla ekolojik ve ekonomik kayba ve hastal\u0131\u011fa sebep olmadan bir stratejik eylem plan\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeli, do\u011fru politikalar izlenmeli ve b\u00f6ylece pestisitlere dayanan konvansiyonel tar\u0131m sisteminin yerini agroekolojik, organik ve onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131ma b\u0131rakmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zehirsiz Kampanya\u2019ya destek olmak i\u00e7in: Change.org\/ZehirsizSofralar<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

ZEH\u0130RS\u0130Z SOFRALAR PLATFORMU<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Pesticide Action Network International. (2021). PAN International List of Highly Hazardous Pesticides. PAN International List of highly hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) March 2021 (pan-uk.org)<\/a><\/li>
  2. PAN UK. (2019). The Cocktail Effect: How pesticide mixtures may be harming human health and the environment.  the-pesticide-cocktail-effect.pdf (soilassociation.org)<\/a><\/li>
  3. Zehirsiz Sofralar Pestisit Eylem A\u011f\u0131. (2020).  Zehirsiz Sofralar T\u00fcketici Rehberi. uretici.pdf (zehirsizsofralar.org)<\/a><\/li>
  4. RASFF \u2013 The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed Portal. RASFF \u2013 food and feed safety alerts (europa.eu)<\/a><\/li>
  5. T.C. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bitki Koruma \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Bitki Koruma \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Veri Taban\u0131. Bitki Koruma \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Veri Taban\u0131 (tarimorman.gov.tr)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Bilgi Notlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1- Kokteyl etkisi daha tehlikeli: <\/strong>2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda bildirimi yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin 47\u2019si birden fazla pestisit kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. G\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde bulunan birden fazla pestisit kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 birbirleriyle etkile\u015fime girmeleri sebebi ile kokteyl etkisi yaratarak daha zararl\u0131 hale gelebiliyor. Yasal d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan toksikolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yaln\u0131zca tek bir toksik kimyasal maddenin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde farkl\u0131 g\u0131dalardan al\u0131nan pestisitleri veya \u00e7evresel yolla maruz kal\u0131nan \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131 hesaba katm\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2- Yasakl\u0131 maddelerin tespiti h\u00e2l\u00e2 devam ediyor:<\/strong> Tespit edilen pestisitler aras\u0131nda klorprifos-metil, fenbutatin oxide ve bifenthrin gibi \u00fclkemizde yasakl\u0131 olan aktif maddeler bulunuyor. Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131lan bitki koruma \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kullan\u0131m sonland\u0131r\u0131lma tarihinden sonra en ge\u00e7 bir ay i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcretici firmas\u0131nca piyasadan toplat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Fakat buna ra\u011fmen 23.05.2020 tarihinde resmi yaz\u0131 ile yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyurulan ve 30.09.2021\u2019de kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131lan fenbutatin oxide ve bifenthrin maddeleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 sofralar\u0131m\u0131za gelebiliyor. Benzer \u015fekilde, 29.07.2020 tarihinde yay\u0131nlanan resmi yaz\u0131da klorprifos-metil ithalat\u0131n\u0131n 31.10.2020\u2019de, imalat\u0131n\u0131n 30.11.2020\u2019de, kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ise 31.12.2021\u2019de sonland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bildirilse de Haziran 2022\u2019de dahi bu zehirli kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fclkemiz tar\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3- Pestisitler verimlilik getirmiyor<\/strong>: Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler D\u00fcnya G\u0131da Program\u0131 (WFP)\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fcresel a\u00e7l\u0131k sistemine g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyada 868 milyon ki\u015fi yeterli g\u0131daya ula\u015fam\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise n\u00fcfusun %18\u2019i yeterli beslenemiyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak vaat edildi\u011finin aksine tar\u0131m zehirleri, suni g\u00fcbreler, hormonlar, hibrit veya geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f tohumlara dayal\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nleyemedi\u011fi gibi g\u00fcvenilir, besleyici, yeterli ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u0131daya eri\u015fimi daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Tar\u0131m ve Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, 2014-2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 %51 artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hektar ba\u015f\u0131na ton olarak, bu\u011fdayda %14,17, meyve grubunda %13,85, sebzede %7,82, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finde %6,4 ve patateste %4,4 d\u00fczeyinde bir verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Konseyi\u2019ne sunulan G\u0131da Hakk\u0131 \u00d6zel S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Schutter\u2019in rapor<\/a>una g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel insan n\u00fcfusu ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ikiye katlanm\u0131\u015fken, tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli arazilerdeki art\u0131\u015f %10 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pestisit imalat\u0131ndaki yeni teknolojiler, di\u011fer zirai yeniliklerle birlikte, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin g\u0131da talebindeki emsalsiz s\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Fakat bu, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evre pahas\u0131na olmu\u015ftur. Zararl\u0131 pestisitlere bel ba\u011flamak, hem \u015fimdiki hem de gelecek nesillerin yeterli g\u0131daya eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeleyen k\u0131sa vadeli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4- Pestisitler \u00e7are olmuyor, sorun yarat\u0131yor: <\/strong>Tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlere zarar veren hastal\u0131k etmenleri, ot ve b\u00f6cekler pestisitlere kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 geli\u015ftiriyor ve b\u00f6ylece daha fazla veya g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc pestisitlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Pestisitlerin %90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 hedef zararl\u0131ya de\u011fil, topra\u011fa, suya ve havaya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; avc\u0131 ve ar\u0131lar gibi faydal\u0131 b\u00f6cekleri yok ederek gittik\u00e7e derinle\u015fen bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fcye neden oluyor. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn pestisitlerin toksisitesi art\u0131yor. Yani g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan kimyasallar, eski muadillerinden daha zehirli. \u00d6rne\u011fin, baz\u0131 neonikotinoid insektisitler tarihin en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hretli insektisiti olan DDT\u2019den bile 10.000 kat daha toksik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5- Pestisitlerin gizli maliyeti:<\/strong> Helvetas\u2019\u0131n rapor<\/a>una g\u00f6re, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bariz k\u0131sa vadeli ekonomik faydalar\u0131 vard\u0131r \u2013 aksi takdirde \u00e7ift\u00e7iler bunlar\u0131 kullanmazd\u0131. \u00dcretim maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin mekanik ot temizli\u011fi yerine herbisit kullanarak) veya zararl\u0131 b\u00f6cek ya da hastal\u0131klardan kaynaklanan \u00fcr\u00fcn kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilirler. Ancak, pestisitler bir yandan da topluma sa\u011fl\u0131k ve \u00e7evre ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli maliyetler getirir. Bu d\u0131\u015fsal maliyetler (\u015fimdilik) pestisitlerin piyasa fiyatlar\u0131na yans\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bunlar, insanlarda akut ve uzun vadeli ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu masraflar\u0131, biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerin masraflar\u0131 (yararl\u0131 b\u00f6ceklerin, tozlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ve yaban hayat\u0131n kayb\u0131), i\u00e7me suyu ar\u0131tma masraflar\u0131, su \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve bal\u0131k \u00e7iftliklerinde ya\u015fanan kay\u0131plar ve pestisit \u00fcretimine ba\u011fl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde kendini g\u00f6sterir. Metodolojik zorluklar ve veri yetersizli\u011finden dolay\u0131, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f maliyetlerini hesaplamak son derece zordur. Bu maliyetlerin aktif maddeler i\u00e7in kg ba\u015f\u0131na 4-19 ABD Dolar\u0131 veya tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in hektar ba\u015f\u0131na 19-106 ABD Dolar\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu hesaba g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 3.5 milyar kg pestisit aktif maddesi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, 45 milyar dolar hacminde bir piyasa i\u00e7in 10-60 milyar dolar de\u011ferinde y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u0131\u015f maliyet \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bununla birlikte, bu tahminler uzun s\u00fcreli, kronik pestisit maruziyeti etkilerinin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamamaktad\u0131r. Kanser, demans, diyabet ve davran\u0131\u015f bozuklu\u011fu gibi vakalar\u0131n sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bile pestisitlere atfedildi\u011fi takdirde, bu zehirlerin d\u0131\u015fsal maliyetleri \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve Almanya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/a>, pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n senelik d\u0131\u015f maliyetini s\u0131ras\u0131yla 257 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131 ve 166 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131 olarak belirlemi\u015ftir. Bu bedelleri pestisitlerden kaynaklanan sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunu ya\u015fayanlar, do\u011fa ve vatanda\u015flar \u00f6demektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tar\u0131m zehirleri sebebiyle 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nden T\u00fcrkiye kaynakl\u0131 259 bildirim yap\u0131ld\u0131. G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir gelecek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden Zehirsiz Sofralar Platformu, Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan sorumlu ve \u00f6nlemini ba\u015ftan alan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":286081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[804,336,49,41,432,337,1135],"tags":[579,101,522,328,747],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286079"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=286079"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":286080,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/286079\/revisions\/286080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/286081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=286079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=286079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=286079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}