{"id":2517,"date":"2018-02-13T12:43:04","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T09:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=2517"},"modified":"2018-02-13T12:43:04","modified_gmt":"2018-02-13T09:43:04","slug":"balin-farkli-kulturlerdeki-anlamlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/balin-farkli-kulturlerdeki-anlamlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Bal\u0131n farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerdeki anlamlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bal\u00a0hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenecek o kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey var ki, s\u0131rf vefakar bal emek\u00e7ilerinin, yani ar\u0131lar\u0131n, Orta Asya’n\u0131n kalbinden Avrupa’ya, oradan Kolomb’un gemileriyle Amerika’ya ve daha nice yerlere yapt\u0131klar\u0131 maceral\u0131 yolculuklar\u0131 anlatmak olduk\u00e7a uzun s\u00fcrer. Gelin biz burada, \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin ona y\u00fckledi\u011fi ilgin\u00e7 anlamlardan dem vural\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Bal denilen bu iksirli besin tarih boyunca o kadar \u00e7ok itibar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ki, bilgelikleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc bir\u00e7ok karakterin \u00e7ocukluklar\u0131n\u0131 bal ka\u015f\u0131klayarak ge\u00e7irdiklerine kanaat getirilmi\u015f. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fcce tanr\u0131s\u0131 Zeus’tan, matemati\u011fi ve vejetaryenli\u011fi kendi tarikat\u0131nda birle\u015ftirmi\u015f Pitagoras’a kadar bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin bal yiyerek b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sadece bal\u0131n uzun s\u00fcre boyunca yegane do\u011fal tatland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131yor. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, tatl\u0131 yiyecekler tarih boyunca do\u011fal \u015fifa vericiler olarak alg\u0131lan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve her zaman ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin sofras\u0131nda yer al\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Herodot’un M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinden bize aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar tanr\u0131lar\u0131na adayacaklar\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 un, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, incir ve \u00e7e\u015fitli aromalar\u0131n balla harmanlanmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mla doldururlarm\u0131\u015f. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131z tad\u0131na g\u00f6re biraz ‘garip’ olarak nitelendirilse de unutmamam\u0131z gereken bir ba\u015fka nokta da, eski \u00e7a\u011flarda bal\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00e7e\u015fni maddesi olmas\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn tersine, insanlar yemeklerini sadece a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 baharatlarla renklendirmiyorlarm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6rne\u011fin Epaentes’in bize verdi\u011fi tarife g\u00f6re, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n en sevdi\u011fi ‘bal dolmas\u0131’, peynir, et, sirke ve so\u011fanla yap\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f. Romal\u0131 retorik ustas\u0131 Jullius Pollux, Onamasticon adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda balda pi\u015firilmi\u015f incir yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n tad\u0131ndan bahseder. Kuzey Amerika k\u0131z\u0131lderililerinden Mohavklar’\u0131n kamp ate\u015finde pi\u015firdikleri, i\u00e7i bal, elma suyu ve meyve ya\u011flar\u0131yla doldurulmu\u015f bal kabaklar\u0131 da \u00e7ok lezzetli olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bal\u0131n \u015fifas\u0131na dair en g\u00fczel hikayelerden biri de hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc zevklerde bulan Demokritos’un ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7enlerdir. T\u00fcm hayat\u0131n\u0131 tutumlu bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7irmi\u015f 109 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ya\u015fl\u0131 bilge, \u00f6l\u00fcm vaktinin \u00e7ok da uzakta olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her g\u00fcn biraz daha az yemeye karar verir. Bu nedenle \u00e7e\u015fitli besinlerden birer birer vazge\u00e7er. Tam da en son yiyecekten vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00fcn Tanr\u0131 Demeter’in ad\u0131na d\u00fczenlenen festival ba\u015flar. Ya\u015fl\u0131 adam da bu kutsal g\u00fcnde \u00f6lerek sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k etmek istemez. Bunun \u00fczerine festival boyunca i\u00e7i bal dolu bir kab\u0131 burnuna yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p koklamakla yetinir. Festival bitti\u011finde kap \u00f6n\u00fcnden al\u0131nan bilge, an\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek rastlanmasa da, ar\u0131larla olan ili\u015fkimiz, bal\u0131n toplanma ve yenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu kez dini rit\u00fcelleri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakta. Bu kan\u0131y\u0131 do\u011frularcas\u0131na Efes ve Elevsis’deki rahibeler ‘ar\u0131lar’ diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. \u0130branice’de ar\u0131 demek olan dbure kelimesinin k\u00f6k\u00fc s\u00f6zc\u00fck anlam\u0131na gelen dbr’dan gelir. Ayn\u0131 lisandaki Deborah ismi de ar\u0131n\u0131n asli g\u00f6revinin Kutsal S\u00f6z olan do\u011fruyu s\u00f6ylemek oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eder. Topland\u0131ktan sonra herhangi bir i\u015fleme tabi tutulmas\u0131 gerekmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu mucizevi iksir, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n ar\u0131lar yoluyla bize iletti\u011fi bir mesajd\u0131r; Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc, onun \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinden ar\u0131lar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bala ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Kutsal s\u00f6z\u00fcn yolculu\u011fu bu kadarla da kalm\u0131yor. Anlat\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re Eflatun ve Pindar gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairlerin a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zleri de ar\u0131lar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f dillerine. Belki de do\u011fumdan hemen sonra a\u011flayan bebeklerinin dillerini ball\u0131 bir bezle saran Senegal ve Ivory Adal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n zihinlerinden de ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ge\u00e7iyordu. Eski bir gelene\u011fe g\u00f6re, evlenen \u00e7iftlerin avu\u00e7 i\u00e7lerine de bal d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. Erkek ve kad\u0131n birbirlerinin avu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bal yiyerek birbirlerine k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemeyeceklerine ve el kald\u0131rmayacaklar\u0131na dair s\u00f6z verirlermi\u015f. Anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z eski beraberliklerde bal\u0131n ehemmiyeti sadece balay\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131yormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Yeralt\u0131na ball\u0131 mesaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ar\u0131lar\u0131n Tanr\u0131 ve Yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f’la olan ili\u015fkileri daha bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmakta. Mayalar\u0131n gizli inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 Popul Vuh’a g\u00f6re ilk ar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkezindeki bir kovanda do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Bir volkan\u0131n lavlar\u0131 gibi elleri yakan ve g\u00f6zleri kama\u015ft\u0131ran bu hayvan\u0131n asli g\u00f6revi insan\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131k ve bilgisizlikten uyand\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Romal\u0131lar\u0131n ilkbahar tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Prosperina’n\u0131n mekan\u0131 da yeralt\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tanr\u0131\u00e7ay\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131rmaktan korkan Romal\u0131lar, O’nun yer alt\u0131ndan ate\u015ften bir y\u0131lan \u015feklinde \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in \u00e7are olarak ballar\u0131ndan fedakarl\u0131k etmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Ovid de bal\u0131n asl\u0131nda bize \u015farap tanr\u0131s\u0131 Bak\u00fcs’\u00fcn bir arma\u011fan\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Bak\u00fcs bir sefer sonras\u0131nda satirleriyle beraber hoplaya z\u0131playa geri d\u00f6nerken satirler sistralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7almaya ba\u015flarlar. \u00c7\u0131nlayan enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sesiyle bir a\u011fa\u00e7tan \u00e7\u0131kan bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00f6cek \u00fczerlerine \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bak\u00fcs de b\u00f6cekleri al\u0131p ilk kez bal yapacaklar\u0131 yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tabii bu efsaneyi duyduktan sonra Yunanl\u0131 ve Romal\u0131lar\u0131n \u015faraba bal kat\u0131p fermante ederek mead denilen bir i\u00e7ki elde ettiklerini \u00f6\u011frenmek pek \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmuyor. T\u0131pk\u0131 do\u011fumlarda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00f6l\u00fcmlerde de balla yap\u0131lan rit\u00fcellerin ayr\u0131 bir yeri var. Neolitik \u00e7a\u011flardan itibaren Babil, S\u00fcmer ve Girit gibi bir \u00e7ok medeniyet \u00f6nemli insanlar\u0131n\u0131 balla birlikte g\u00f6mm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bal di\u011fer d\u00fcnyaya giri\u015fin anahtar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra halis balla mumyalanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Arizona’n\u0131n Hopi k\u0131z\u0131lderilileri de arkada b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcnd\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde bal ve undan yap\u0131lma bir yemekle simgesel olarak yakarlarm\u0131\u015f. Anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bal\u0131n \u015fifas\u0131 hem burada, hem de di\u011fer tarafta insano\u011fluna hizmet etmeye devam ediyor, herkese tatl\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcnler dile\u011fiyle…<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bal\u00a0hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenecek o kadar \u00e7ok \u015fey var ki, s\u0131rf vefakar bal emek\u00e7ilerinin, yani ar\u0131lar\u0131n, Orta Asya’n\u0131n kalbinden Avrupa’ya, oradan Kolomb’un gemileriyle Amerika’ya ve daha nice yerlere yapt\u0131klar\u0131 maceral\u0131 yolculuklar\u0131 anlatmak olduk\u00e7a uzun s\u00fcrer. Gelin biz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2518,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54,53,25],"tags":[162],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2517"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2520,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2517\/revisions\/2520"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}