{"id":1088,"date":"2017-08-23T07:28:02","date_gmt":"2017-08-23T04:28:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/?p=1088"},"modified":"2017-08-23T07:32:47","modified_gmt":"2017-08-23T04:32:47","slug":"sifasi-saymakla-bitmez-ihlamur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/sifasi-saymakla-bitmez-ihlamur\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eifas\u0131 saymakla bitmez: Ihlamur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kokusu kadar \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin g\u00fczelli\u011fiyle de hepimizi cezbeden \u0131hlamur, \u015fifal\u0131 bitkiler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ilk akla gelenlerden.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok semtin, soka\u011f\u0131n \u0131hlamurla (Tilia sp.) an\u0131lmas\u0131 Anadolu’muzun \u0131hlamurla ne kadar hemhal oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyor. Ihlamur \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi kokusu hepimizde sevgi duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p kalplerimizi latifle\u015ftiriyor. San\u0131r\u0131m\u00f6 bu sebeple i\u00e7inde \u0131hlamur ge\u00e7en \u015fiirler de kokusu gibi bizi mest ediyor. “Ben sana \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle gelece\u011fim \/ Ihlamurlar \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman” diyerek kavu\u015fmay\u0131 \u0131hlamur kokulu tasvir eden Bahattin Karako\u00e7’u yad edelim yeri gelmi\u015fken.<\/p>\n

Latince ad\u0131n\u0131n Yunanca “tilos-lif” kelimesinden geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u0131hlamuru Heredot baz\u0131 uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n dini t\u00f6renlerde kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Slavlar ve Germenler i\u00e7in de kutsal say\u0131lan a\u011fa\u00e7lardan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011fu d\u00fcnyaya gelenlerin k\u0131smetleri i\u00e7in \u0131hlamur diktikleri kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

30 t\u00fcr\u00fc var<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ihlamur cinsine ait 30 t\u00fcr yeti\u015fiyor. Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika’da k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fiyor ve ormanc\u0131l\u0131k tar\u0131m\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Park ve bah\u00e7elerde, ref\u00fcjlerde, alle yollar\u0131nda peyzaj ama\u00e7l\u0131 yeti\u015ftiriliyor. Park ve bah\u00e7elerde yeti\u015ftirilen ve T\u00fcrkiye’de do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fmeyen t\u00fcr, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaprakl\u0131 \u0131hlamur (Tilia cordata) t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m Te\u015fkilat\u0131 FAO’nun 2003 verilerine g\u00f6re \u0131hlamur tar\u0131m\u0131nda Meksika 141 bin 5 hektarla birinci, Hindistan 116 bin hektarla ikinci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’de 18 bin 125 hektar alanda do\u011fal olarak yeti\u015fiyor. Bizde yeti\u015fen \u0131hlamur t\u00fcrlerini ve ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelliklerini \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kafkas Ihlamuru (Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica)<\/strong> – Yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n iki y\u00fczeyi de ye\u015fil ve t\u00fcys\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
  2. B\u00fcy\u00fck yaprakl\u0131 \u0131hlamur, yaz \u0131hlamuru (Tilia pltyphyllos)<\/strong> – Yapraklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ve yaprak alt y\u00fczeyi g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi t\u00fcylerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi \u0131hlamur, k\u0131\u015f \u0131hlamuru (Tilia argentea, Syn: Tilia tomentosa)<\/strong> – Yaprak alt y\u00fczeyi g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fc, y\u0131ld\u0131z bi\u00e7imli t\u00fcylerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Nerede, nas\u0131l yeti\u015fir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Besin maddesince zengin, gev\u015fek yap\u0131l\u0131, nemli topraklarda \u0131l\u0131man iklimlerde iyi geli\u015fim g\u00f6steren \u0131hlamur, s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131 sever. Dona duyarl\u0131d\u0131r ama so\u011fuk iklimlerde yeti\u015febilen t\u00fcrleri de bulunur.<\/p>\n

    Ihlamur tohum, k\u00f6k s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri, k\u00f6k \u00e7eli\u011fi ve dal \u00e7elikleriyle yeti\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

    Tohumla ekimde \u00e7imlenme engelini a\u015fmak i\u00e7in tohumlar\u0131n tam kahverengile\u015fmeden toplanmas\u0131 ve hemen ekilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

    A\u011fustos sonu tohum ekimi i\u00e7in uygun bir d\u00f6nemdir. Tohum ekiminin katlama ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in orman fidanl\u0131klar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi d\u0131\u015f alana yap\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. B\u00f6ylece k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na hem so\u011fuk ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f hem de katlama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7imlenme daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00c7elikle \u00fcretimde k\u00f6k \u00e7eli\u011fi g\u00f6vde \u00e7eliklerine g\u00f6re daha ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Yine k\u00f6k s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinden de kolayca \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilir. Toplama yap\u0131lacak olan -b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u0131bbi bitkilerin hasad\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli- fabrikalara, otoyola, ila\u00e7lanan tarlalara, at\u0131k su kenarlar\u0131na yak\u0131n olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7i\u00e7eklerde ha\u015ferat, k\u00fcflenme olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131<\/h4>\n

    Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde kabuklar\u0131 yazma arac\u0131 olarak, Osmanl\u0131’da \u0130stanbul kay\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ihlamur a\u011fac\u0131 t\u0131p ve kozmeti\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra mobilya, s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131, saz ve utlar\u0131n burguluk k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, peyzajda, ayakkab\u0131 kal\u0131plar\u0131nda, oymac\u0131l\u0131kta kur\u015funkalem ve ar\u0131 kovan\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u0131hlamur a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Yalova, Artvin, Rize gibi b\u00f6lgelerde ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kta de\u011ferlendirilir; elde edilen ballara \u0131hlamur bal\u0131 denir.<\/p>\n

    Ihlamurun \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri, yapraklar\u0131, odunundan elde edilen k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131 tedavide kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ekleridir. \u00c7i\u00e7ek sap\u0131yla uzun ince dile benzeyen \u00e7i\u00e7ek yaprak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 birlikte kullan\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131 “yaprak \u0131hlamur” ad\u0131yla bilinir ve kalite a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ikinci s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131r. Sadece \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin oldu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131m “\u00e7i\u00e7ek \u0131hlamur” ad\u0131yla bilinir ve birinci kalitedir. \u00c7i\u00e7ek \u0131hlamurda %1 oran\u0131nda \u00e7i\u00e7ek yaprak\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunabilir. Tedavide \u0131hlamur \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin “yaz \u0131hlamuru, b\u00fcy\u00fck yaprakl\u0131 \u0131hlamur” ve “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yaprakl\u0131 \u0131hlamur” t\u00fcrleri olmas\u0131 tercih edilir. Ihlamur \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde, \u00f6\u011fle saatlerinde toplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kuruyan \u00e7i\u00e7eklerin nem miktar\u0131 %9’u a\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130yice kurudu\u011fundan emin olunan \u00e7i\u00e7ekler temiz, g\u00f6lge ve havadar bir yerde kurutularak serin, \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6rmeyen, nemsiz bir yerde bez torbalarda saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Kozmetikte u\u00e7ucu ya\u011f\u0131, hidrosol\u00fc ve ekstrakt\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, yumu\u015fat\u0131r, ferahlat\u0131r, cilt \u00e7atlamalar\u0131na iyi gelir. \u00c7atlayan ve soyulan ciltler i\u00e7in \u0131hlamur \u00f6zl\u00fc krem ve losyonlar kullan\u0131labilir. Eski hekimler Galen ve Plinius, g\u00f6z iltihaplar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131z i\u00e7i yaralar\u0131 ve ayak \u00e7\u0131banlar\u0131 i\u00e7in; Lonicerus, odunundan elde edilen k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kan t\u00fck\u00fcrme i\u00e7in; Leclerc, \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131 rahatlat\u0131c\u0131 olarak; Kneipp ise \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck giderici ve balgam s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olarak \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Terletir ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini uyar\u0131r, kuru \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rahatlat\u0131r, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs\u00fc yumu\u015fat\u0131r, uykusuzluk ve asabiyet i\u00e7in yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek tansiyon, damar t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve migren tedavisinde \u00f6nerilir. Ihlamur ile haz\u0131rlanan banyo gerginli\u011fe ve migrene iyi gelir. \u00c7ay olarak yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde 2-4 gram; 9-12 ayl\u0131k bebeklerde 0,2-1 gram; 1-4 ya\u015f grubunda 1-2 gram kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    Topra\u011f\u0131 koruyup su d\u00fczenini sa\u011flayan \u0131hlamurun d\u00f6k\u00fclen yapraklar\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini de iyile\u015ftirir. Bu nedenle bah\u00e7elerimize mutlaka \u0131hlamur a\u011fac\u0131 dikelim.<\/p>\n

    Uyar\u0131lar:<\/strong> Kalp rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar, hamile olanlar ve bebek emzirenler hekime dan\u0131\u015fmadan \u0131hlamur kullanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde alerji yapabilir. \u0130drar s\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ila\u00e7larla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanabilir. Liytum kullananlardaysa kandaki lityum d\u00fczeyini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Naz\u0131m Tanr\u0131kulu – Hekim Sinan T\u0131bbi Bitkiler Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Not: Bu yaz\u0131 Ekolojik Ya\u015fam Rehberi’nin 26. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kokusu kadar \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin g\u00fczelli\u011fiyle de hepimizi cezbeden \u0131hlamur, \u015fifal\u0131 bitkiler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ilk akla gelenlerden. Bir\u00e7ok semtin, soka\u011f\u0131n \u0131hlamurla (Tilia sp.) an\u0131lmas\u0131 Anadolu’muzun \u0131hlamurla ne kadar hemhal oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyor. Ihlamur \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi kokusu hepimizde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,25,73],"tags":[74],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1088"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1088"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1088\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1095,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1088\/revisions\/1095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bugday.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}